HighCVE-2026-58227

TLS/DTLS denial of service via unbounded recursion on cross-signed peer certificate chain (CVE-2026-58227)

Published 27.07.2026Last modified 24.10.2026Sources: Ubuntu, SUSE, Debian, BSI, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, OSV

What is affected, what to do

Update erlang\/otp to version 28.5.0.4, erlang\/ssl to version 11.7.4, Erlang/OTP to version 28.5.0.4.

Affected: Erlang OTP gte 10.2..*
Erlang OTP gte 23.2..*

Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

Metrics

8.7

Priority

XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

Source: NVD, CVSS v4

7.5

CVSS v3

Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

Source: Ubuntu, SUSE, Debian, BSI, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, OSV

0.4 %

EPSS score

Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 32.8

Show all metrics

Severity: High
Priority (0–325) The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first? Read in glossary: 73.74 Methodology
Exploit maturity An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack. Read in glossary: no public PoC known
XIEM Effective CVSS XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command. Read in glossary: 8.7 Methodology
CVSS v3 CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions. Read in glossary: 7.5
CVSS v4 CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions. Read in glossary: 8.7
EPSS score The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“. Read in glossary: 0.4 %; Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
EPSS percentile The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking. Read in glossary: 32.8; Elevated — this CVE ranks above at least 10% of all CVEs scored today.
KEV status The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching. Read in glossary: —
Published: 27.07.2026
CISA assessment (SSVC): Exploitation: none known · automatable · Technical impact: partial; Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 27 July 2026
CWE CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect. Read in glossary: CWE-674

Detection rules

No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

Classification under NIS2 and CRA

Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

NIS2 NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management. Read in glossary: High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
CRA The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates. Read in glossary: From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
ISO/IEC 27001 ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security. Read in glossary: Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

Description

The Erlang/OTP ssl application does not detect cycles when reconstructing an incomplete peer certificate chain during a TLS or DTLS handshake. In ssl_certificate:handle_incomplete_chain/5, the received chain is passed to ssl_certificate:build_certificate_chain/5, which walks issuer relationships via ssl_certificate:do_certificate_chain/7 with no cycle detection and no depth limit. When the peer supplies two mutually cross-signed certificates in unordered form (A issues B, B issues A), the issuer lookup alternates between the two certificates and the pair of functions recurses indefinitely, growing the call stack and chain accumulator without bound. An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a crafted certificate chain in a TLS or DTLS Certificate handshake message to exhaust available memory and crash the BEAM node. Only a TCP connection and a partial handshake are required; no authentication or completed handshake is needed, and both TLS/DTLS servers and clients are affected when processing peer certificate messages. This issue affects OTP from OTP 23.2 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to ssl from 10.2 before 11.7.4, 11.6.0.4 and 11.2.12.11.

Source: Ubuntu Security Notices, suse_csaf, Debian Security Advisories, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, NVD (NIST), Microsoft Security Update Guide, CVE.org (MITRE), OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), cvelistv5

Affected products

The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

Affected products
		Affected versions	Fixed in
Erlang	OTP	`≥ 23.2` `≥ 10.2`	— —
erlang	erlang\/otp	`28.0 – < 28.5.0.4` `29.0 – < 29.0.4` `23.2 – < 27.3.4.15`	`28.5.0.4` `29.0.4` `27.3.4.15`
erlang	erlang\/ssl	`11.7 – < 11.7.4` `10.2 – < 11.2.12.11` `11.3 – < 11.6.0.4`	`11.7.4` `11.2.12.11` `11.6.0.4`
Open Source	Erlang/OTP	`< 28.5.0.4` `< 27.3.4.15` `< 29.0.4`	`28.5.0.4` `27.3.4.15` `29.0.4`

Vendors and products

Affected operating systems

Affected operating systems

Linux	debian	erlang	`trixie`
Linux	ubuntu	erlang	`bionic`
Linux	ubuntu	erlang	`focal`
Linux	ubuntu	erlang	`jammy`
Linux	ubuntu	erlang	`noble`
Linux	ubuntu	erlang	`resolute`
Linux	ubuntu	erlang	`trusty`
Linux	ubuntu	erlang	`xenial`

Weakness classes (CWE)

CWE-674Uncontrolled Recursion
Class
The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.
Entry at MITRE CWE-674

References & sources

github.comerlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-r5jr-mq46-vmhwadvisory, Vendor advisory, related, Vendor advisory
cna.erlef.orgcves/CVE-2026-58227.htmlweb, related, Patch, Third-party advisory
erlang.orgdoc/system/versions.htmlweb, x_version-scheme, Release notes
github.comerlang/otp/commit/0307bff2c72b685c6bd952daaac6bd661c247d62fix, Patch, Patch
github.comerlang/otp/commit/241d43703989fec4b6bf637beaeb366d92dcc4c2fix, Patch, Patch
github.comerlang/otp/commit/7db64720177961e04545681480d691c4be81c54dfix, Patch, Patch
OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-58227related, Patch, Third-party advisory

Changes to this CVE

Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

10.08.2026Initial analysis by NVDNVD

Newly listed as affected:

erlang/otp (28.0 – before 28.5.0.4; 29.0 – before 29.0.4; 23.2 – before 27.3.4.15)
erlang/ssl (10.2 – before 11.2.12.11; 11.3 – before 11.6.0.4; 11.7 – before 11.7.4)

CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

New references:

and 3 more references

Show 9 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
CVSS	added	—	AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Product configuration	added	—	OR cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/otp::::::::* versions from (including) 28.0 up to (excluding) 28.5.0.4 cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/otp::::::::* versions from (including) 29.0 up to (excluding) 29.0.4 cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/otp::::::::* versions from (including) 23.2 up to (excluding) 27.3.4.15 cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/ssl::::::::* versions from (including) 10.2 up to (excluding) 11.2.12.11 cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/ssl::::::::* versions from (including) 11.3 up to (excluding) 11.6.0.4 cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/ssl::::::::* versions from (including) 11.7 up to (excluding) 11.7.4
Reference type	added	—	EEF: https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-58227.html Types: Patch, Third Party Advisory
Reference type	added	—	EEF: https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0307bff2c72b685c6bd952daaac6bd661c247d62 Types: Patch
Reference type	added	—	EEF: https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/241d43703989fec4b6bf637beaeb366d92dcc4c2 Types: Patch
Reference type	added	—	EEF: https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/7db64720177961e04545681480d691c4be81c54d Types: Patch
Reference type	added	—	EEF: https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-r5jr-mq46-vmhw Types: Vendor Advisory
Reference type	added	—	EEF: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-58227 Types: Patch, Third Party Advisory
Reference type	added	—	EEF: https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions Types: Release Notes

Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

27.07.2026ReceivedEEF

CVSS V4.0: AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Weakness type: CWE-674

Description added or changed

New references:

and 3 more references

Show 11 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	OTP, OTP
Description	added	—	The Erlang/OTP ssl application does not detect cycles when reconstructing an incomplete peer certificate chain during a TLS or DTLS handshake. In ssl_certificate:handle_incomplete_chain/5, the received chain is passed to ssl_certificate:build_certificate_chain/5, which walks issuer relationships via ssl_certificate:do_certificate_chain/7 with no cycle detection and no depth limit. When the peer supplies two mutually cross-signed certificates in unordered form (A issues B, B issues A), the issuer lookup alternates between the two certificates and the pair of functions recurses indefinitely, growing the call stack and chain accumulator without bound. An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a crafted certificate chain in a TLS or DTLS Certificate handshake message to exhaust available memory and crash the BEAM node. Only a TCP connection and a partial handshake are required; no authentication or completed handshake is needed, and both TLS/DTLS servers and clients are affected when processing peer certificate messages. This issue affects OTP from OTP 23.2 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to ssl from 10.2 before 11.7.4, 11.6.0.4 and 11.2.12.11.
CVSS	added	—	AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Weakness type (CWE)	added	—	CWE-674
Reference	added	—	https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-58227.html
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0307bff2c72b685c6bd952daaac6bd661c247d62
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/241d43703989fec4b6bf637beaeb366d92dcc4c2
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/7db64720177961e04545681480d691c4be81c54d
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-r5jr-mq46-vmhw
Reference	added	—	https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-58227
Reference	added	—	https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions

Source identifier: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db

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