HighCVE-2026-48860

    Erlang OTP: Comparison Using Wrong Factors (CVE-2026-48860)

    Published Last modified Sources: SUSE, Debian, BSI, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, OSV

    What is affected, what to do

    Reliance on IP Address for Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (inet_tls_dist module) allows unauthenticated bypass of the distribution-over-TLS LAN allowlist. The inet_tls_dist:check_ip/1 function, which enforces a LAN allowlist for Erlang distribution over TLS, calls inet:sockname/1 instead of inet:peername/1 to obtain the peer's IP address.

    Update erlang\/otp to version 27.3.4.13, erlang\/ssl to version 11.2.12.9, Erlang/OTP to version 29.0.2.

    Affected
    • Erlang OTP gte 26.0..*
    • Erlang OTP gte 11.0..*

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    7.5

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v4

    6.5

    CVSS v3

    Severity Medium on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: SUSE, Debian, BSI, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, OSV

    0.2 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 11.2

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    57.22 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    7.5 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    6.5
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    7.5
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    0.2 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    11.2
    Elevated — this CVE ranks above at least 10% of all CVEs scored today.
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 10 June 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-863, CWE-1025

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    Reliance on IP Address for Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (inet_tls_dist module) allows unauthenticated bypass of the distribution-over-TLS LAN allowlist. The inet_tls_dist:check_ip/1 function, which enforces a LAN allowlist for Erlang distribution over TLS, calls inet:sockname/1 instead of inet:peername/1 to obtain the peer's IP address. Because inet:sockname/1 returns the local socket address, both the local IP and the supposed peer IP resolve to the same value, causing the subnet mask comparison to always succeed regardless of the actual remote address. Any holder of a CA-signed TLS certificate can therefore bypass the LAN restriction and gain full Erlang distribution access to the node, including rpc:call/4 and code:load_binary/3. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/inet_tls_dist.erl. This issue affects OTP from OTP 26.0 before OTP 27.3.4.13, OTP 28.5.0.2, and OTP 29.0.2, corresponding to ssl from 11.0 before 11.2.12.9, 11.6.0.2, and 11.7.2.

    Source: suse_csaf, Debian Security Advisories, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, NVD (NIST), Microsoft Security Update Guide, OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), CVE.org (MITRE), cvelistv5

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    ErlangOTP
    • ≥ 26.0
    • ≥ 11.0
    • —
    • —
    erlangerlang\/otp
    • 26.0 – < 27.3.4.13
    • 28.0 – < 28.5.0.2
    • 29.0 – < 29.0.2
    • 27.3.4.13
    • 28.5.0.2
    • 29.0.2
    erlangerlang\/ssl
    • 11.0 – < 11.2.12.9
    • 11.6 – < 11.6.0.2
    • 11.7 – < 11.7.2
    • 11.2.12.9
    • 11.6.0.2
    • 11.7.2
    Open SourceErlang/OTP
    • < 29.0.2
    • 29.0.2
    Open SourceErlang/OTP erl_interface
    • < 5.8.1
    • 5.8.1
    Open SourceErlang/OTP erts
    • < 17.0.2
    • 17.0.2
    Open SourceErlang/OTP ftp
    • < 1.2.6
    • 1.2.6
    Open SourceErlang/OTP inets
    • < 9.7.1
    • 9.7.1
    Open SourceErlang/OTP ssh
    • < 6.0.1
    • 6.0.1

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Linuxdebianerlangtrixie

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-863Incorrect Authorization

      Class

      The product performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-863

    • CWE-1025Comparison Using Wrong Factors

      Base

      The code performs a comparison between two entities, but the comparison examines the wrong factors or characteristics of the entities, which can lead to incorrect results and resultant weaknesses.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-1025

    References & sources

    • github.comerlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-gp7x-mfv6-52cvadvisory, Vendor advisory, related, Vendor advisory
    • cna.erlef.orgEEF CNA record for CVE-2026-48860web, related, Third-party advisory
    • erlang.orgErlang/OTP version orderingweb, x_version-scheme, Product
    • github.comFix commit 0209a6d in erlang/otpfix, Patch, Patch
    • OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-48860related, Third-party advisory
    • github.comIntroducing commit 7a08c55 in erlang/otpweb, related

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedEEF

      Description added or changed

      Show 18 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionchanged
      Reliance on IP Address for Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (inet_tls_dist module) allows unauthenticated bypass of the distribution-over-TLS LAN allowlist. The inet_tls_dist:check_ip/1 function, which enforces a LAN allowlist for Erlang distribution over TLS, calls inet:sockname/1 instead of inet:peername/1 to obtain the peer's IP address. Because inet:sockname/1 returns the local socket address, both the local IP and the supposed peer IP resolve to the same value, causing the subnet mask comparison to always succeed regardless of the actual remote address. Any holder of a CA-signed TLS certificate can therefore bypass the LAN restriction and gain full Erlang distribution access to the node, including rpc:call/4 and code:load_binary/3. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/inet_tls_dist.erl. This issue affects OTP from OTP 26.0 before OTP 29.0.2, OTP 28.5.0.2 and OTP 27.3.4.13, corresponding to ssl from 11.0 before 11.7.2, 11.6.0.2 and 11.2.12.9.
      Reliance on IP Address for Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (inet_tls_dist module) allows unauthenticated bypass of the distribution-over-TLS LAN allowlist. The inet_tls_dist:check_ip/1 function, which enforces a LAN allowlist for Erlang distribution over TLS, calls inet:sockname/1 instead of inet:peername/1 to obtain the peer's IP address. Because inet:sockname/1 returns the local socket address, both the local IP and the supposed peer IP resolve to the same value, causing the subnet mask comparison to always succeed regardless of the actual remote address. Any holder of a CA-signed TLS certificate can therefore bypass the LAN restriction and gain full Erlang distribution access to the node, including rpc:call/4 and code:load_binary/3. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/inet_tls_dist.erl. This issue affects OTP from OTP 26.0 before OTP 27.3.4.13, OTP 28.5.0.2, and OTP 29.0.2, corresponding to ssl from 11.0 before 11.2.12.9, 11.6.0.2, and 11.7.2.
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/48xxx/CVE-2026-48860.json">CVE-2026-48860</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-48860.html
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0209a6df65d605552b378273027b3968b35f26b4
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/7a08c5507862a7011568506d0c17b1fdef30bee4
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-gp7x-mfv6-52cv
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-48860
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions
      Referenceremoved
      https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-48860.html
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0209a6df65d605552b378273027b3968b35f26b4
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-gp7x-mfv6-52cv
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-48860
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-48860.html Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0209a6df65d605552b378273027b3968b35f26b4 Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-gp7x-mfv6-52cv Types: Vendor Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-48860 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions Types: Product
      —

      Source identifier: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db

    2. Record modifiedEEF

      Description added or changed

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionchanged
      Reliance on IP Address for Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (inet_tls_dist module) allows unauthenticated bypass of the distribution-over-TLS LAN allowlist. The inet_tls_dist:check_ip/1 function, which enforces a LAN allowlist for Erlang distribution over TLS, calls inet:sockname/1 instead of inet:peername/1 to obtain the peer's IP address. Because inet:sockname/1 returns the local socket address, both the local IP and the supposed peer IP resolve to the same value, causing the subnet mask comparison to always succeed regardless of the actual remote address. Any holder of a CA-signed TLS certificate can therefore bypass the LAN restriction and gain full Erlang distribution access to the node, including rpc:call/4 and code:load_binary/3. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/inet_tls_dist.erl. This issue affects OTP from OTP 26.0 before 29.0.2, 28.5.0.2 and 27.3.4.13 corresponding to ssl from 11.0 before 11.7.2, 11.6.0.2 and 11.2.12.9.
      Reliance on IP Address for Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (inet_tls_dist module) allows unauthenticated bypass of the distribution-over-TLS LAN allowlist. The inet_tls_dist:check_ip/1 function, which enforces a LAN allowlist for Erlang distribution over TLS, calls inet:sockname/1 instead of inet:peername/1 to obtain the peer's IP address. Because inet:sockname/1 returns the local socket address, both the local IP and the supposed peer IP resolve to the same value, causing the subnet mask comparison to always succeed regardless of the actual remote address. Any holder of a CA-signed TLS certificate can therefore bypass the LAN restriction and gain full Erlang distribution access to the node, including rpc:call/4 and code:load_binary/3. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/inet_tls_dist.erl. This issue affects OTP from OTP 26.0 before OTP 29.0.2, OTP 28.5.0.2 and OTP 27.3.4.13, corresponding to ssl from 11.0 before 11.7.2, 11.6.0.2 and 11.2.12.9.

      Source identifier: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db

    3. Initial analysis by NVDNVD

      Newly listed as affected:
      • erlang/otp (28.0 – before 28.5.0.2; 29.0 – before 29.0.2; 26.0 – before 27.3.4.13)
      • erlang/ssl (11.0 – before 11.2.12.9; 11.6 – before 11.6.0.2; 11.7 – before 11.7.2)

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

      Show 7 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 28.0 up to (excluding) 28.5.0.2 *cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 29.0 up to (excluding) 29.0.2 *cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 26.0 up to (excluding) 27.3.4.13 *cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/ssl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 11.0 up to (excluding) 11.2.12.9 *cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/ssl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 11.6 up to (excluding) 11.6.0.2 *cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang/ssl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 11.7 up to (excluding) 11.7.2
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-48860.html Types: Third Party Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0209a6df65d605552b378273027b3968b35f26b4 Types: Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-gp7x-mfv6-52cv Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-48860 Types: Third Party Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions Types: Product

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

    4. ReceivedEEF

      CVSS V4.0: AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

      Weakness type: CWE-1025, CWE-863

      Description added or changed

      Show 9 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionadded
      —
      Reliance on IP Address for Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (inet_tls_dist module) allows unauthenticated bypass of the distribution-over-TLS LAN allowlist. The inet_tls_dist:check_ip/1 function, which enforces a LAN allowlist for Erlang distribution over TLS, calls inet:sockname/1 instead of inet:peername/1 to obtain the peer's IP address. Because inet:sockname/1 returns the local socket address, both the local IP and the supposed peer IP resolve to the same value, causing the subnet mask comparison to always succeed regardless of the actual remote address. Any holder of a CA-signed TLS certificate can therefore bypass the LAN restriction and gain full Erlang distribution access to the node, including rpc:call/4 and code:load_binary/3. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/inet_tls_dist.erl. This issue affects OTP from OTP 26.0 before 29.0.2, 28.5.0.2 and 27.3.4.13 corresponding to ssl from 11.0 before 11.7.2, 11.6.0.2 and 11.2.12.9.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-1025
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-863
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-48860.html
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0209a6df65d605552b378273027b3968b35f26b4
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-gp7x-mfv6-52cv
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-48860
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions

      Source identifier: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db

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