HighCVE-2022-0778

    Infinite loop in BN_mod_sqrt() reachable when parsing certificates (CVE-2022-0778)

    Published Last modified Sources: BSI, Siemens ProductCERT, Fortinet PSIRT, OSV, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, Debian, Ubuntu

    What is affected, what to do

    The BN_mod_sqrt() function, which computes a modular square root, contains a bug that can cause it to loop forever for non-prime moduli. Internally this function is used when parsing certificates that contain elliptic curve public keys in compressed form or explicit elliptic curve parameters with a base point encoded in compressed form.

    An exploit is publicly available. Update mariadb to version 10.2.42, node.js to version 14.19.1, openssl to version 1.0.2zd.

    Affected
    • OpenSSL eq Fixed in OpenSSL 3.0.2 (Affected 3.0.0,3.0.1)..Fixed in OpenSSL 3.0.2 (Affected 3.0.0,3.0.1)
    • OpenSSL eq Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.1n (Affected 1.1.1-1.1.1m)..Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.1n (Affected 1.1.1-1.1.1m)
    • OpenSSL eq Fixed in OpenSSL 1.0.2zd (Affected 1.0.2-1.0.2zc)..Fixed in OpenSSL 1.0.2zd (Affected 1.0.2-1.0.2zc)

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    7.5

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    7.5

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: BSI, Siemens ProductCERT, Fortinet PSIRT, OSV, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, Debian, Ubuntu

    73.2 %

    EPSS score

    High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 99.46

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    117.21 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    PoC (publicly reported)
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    7.5 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    7.5
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    73.2 %
    High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    99.46
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    The BN_mod_sqrt() function, which computes a modular square root, contains a bug that can cause it to loop forever for non-prime moduli. Internally this function is used when parsing certificates that contain elliptic curve public keys in compressed form or explicit elliptic curve parameters with a base point encoded in compressed form. It is possible to trigger the infinite loop by crafting a certificate that has invalid explicit curve parameters. Since certificate parsing happens prior to verification of the certificate signature, any process that parses an externally supplied certificate may thus be subject to a denial of service attack. The infinite loop can also be reached when parsing crafted private keys as they can contain explicit elliptic curve parameters. Thus vulnerable situations include: - TLS clients consuming server certificates - TLS servers consuming client certificates - Hosting providers taking certificates or private keys from customers - Certificate authorities parsing certification requests from subscribers - Anything else which parses ASN.1 elliptic curve parameters Also any other applications that use the BN_mod_sqrt() where the attacker can control the parameter values are vulnerable to this DoS issue. In the OpenSSL 1.0.2 version the public key is not parsed during initial parsing of the certificate which makes it slightly harder to trigger the infinite loop. However any operation which requires the public key from the certificate will trigger the infinite loop. In particular the attacker can use a self-signed certificate to trigger the loop during verification of the certificate signature. This issue affects OpenSSL versions 1.0.2, 1.1.1 and 3.0. It was addressed in the releases of 1.1.1n and 3.0.2 on the 15th March 2022. Fixed in OpenSSL 3.0.2 (Affected 3.0.0,3.0.1). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.1n (Affected 1.1.1-1.1.1m). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.0.2zd (Affected 1.0.2-1.0.2zc).

    Source: BSI CSAF, BSI WID Portal, siemens_advisory, fortinet_rss, OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), cvelistv5, NVD (NIST), Microsoft Security Update Guide, Debian Security Advisories, Ubuntu Security Notices

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    OpenSSLOpenSSL
    • Fixed in OpenSSL 1.0.2zd (Affected 1.0.2-1.0.2zc)
    • Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.1n (Affected 1.1.1-1.1.1m)
    • Fixed in OpenSSL 3.0.2 (Affected 3.0.0,3.0.1)
    • —
    • —
    • —
    mariadbmariadb
    • 10.2.0 – < 10.2.42
    • 10.5.0 – < 10.5.14
    • 10.6.0 – < 10.6.6
    • 10.7.0 – < 10.7.2
    • 10.3.0 – < 10.3.33
    • 10.4.0 – < 10.4.23
    • 10.2.42
    • 10.5.14
    • 10.6.6
    • 10.7.2
    • 10.3.33
    • 10.4.23
    netappcloud_volumes_ontap_mediator
    • —
    • —
    netappclustered_data_ontap
    • —
    • —
    netappclustered_data_ontap_antivirus_connector
    • —
    • —
    netappsantricity_smi-s_provider
    • —
    • —
    netappstoragegrid
    • —
    • —
    nodejsnode.js
    • 14.0.0 – ≤ 14.14.0
    • 14.15.0 – < 14.19.1
    • 17.0.0 – < 17.7.2
    • 16.13.0 – < 16.14.2
    • 16.0.0 – ≤ 16.12.0
    • 12.0.0 – ≤ 12.12.0
    • 12.13.0 – < 12.22.11
    • —
    • 14.19.1
    • 17.7.2
    • 16.14.2
    • —
    • —
    • 12.22.11
    opensslopenssl
    • 1.0.2 – < 1.0.2zd
    • 3.0.0 – < 3.0.2
    • 1.1.0 – < 1.1.1n
    • 1.0.2zd
    • 3.0.2
    • 1.1.1n
    tenablenessus
    • < 8.15.4
    • 10.0.0 – < 10.1.2
    • 8.15.4
    • 10.1.2
    DellECS
    • < 3.8.1.0
    • 3.8.1.0

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Linuxdebiandebian_linux10.0
    Linuxdebiandebian_linux11.0
    Linuxdebiandebian_linux9.0
    Linuxubuntuedk2jammy
    Linuxubuntuedk2noble
    Linuxubuntuedk2plucky
    Linuxdebianopensslbullseye
    Linuxdebianopensslbuster
    Othernetapp500f_firmware—
    Othernetappa250_firmware—
    Otherfedoraprojectfedora34
    Otherfedoraprojectfedora36

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    Packet StormOpenSSL 1.0.2 1.1.1 3.0 BN_mod_sqrt Infinite Loop (opens in a new tab)packetstormsecurity.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified—

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedopenssl.org

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      http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167344/OpenSSL-1.0.2-1.1.1-3.0-BN_mod_sqrt-Infinite-Loop.html
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      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33
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      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/35
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      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/38
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      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-712929.pdf
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      https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git%3Ba=commitdiff%3Bh=3118eb64934499d93db3230748a452351d1d9a65
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      https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git%3Ba=commitdiff%3Bh=380085481c64de749a6dd25cdf0bcf4360b30f83
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      https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git%3Ba=commitdiff%3Bh=a466912611aa6cbdf550cd10601390e587451246
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      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00023.html
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      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00024.html
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      https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/323SNN6ZX7PRJJWP2BUAFLPUAE42XWLZ/
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      https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GDB3GQVJPXJE7X5C5JN6JAA4XUDWD6E6/
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      https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/W6K3PR542DXWLEFFMFIDMME4CWMHJRMG/
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      https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2022-0002
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      https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-02
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220321-0002/
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220429-0005/
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0006/
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      https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213255
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      https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5103
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      https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20220315.txt
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      https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html
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      https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html
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      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-06
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      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-07
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      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-08
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      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-09
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      http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167344/OpenSSL-1.0.2-1.1.1-3.0-BN_mod_sqrt-Infinite-Loop.html
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      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33
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      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-712929.pdf
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      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00023.html
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      https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2022-0002
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      https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-02
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220321-0002/
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      http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167344/OpenSSL-1.0.2-1.1.1-3.0-BN_mod_sqrt-Infinite-Loop.html Types: Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
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      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33 Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
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      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/35 Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
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      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/38 Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
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      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-712929.pdf Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00023.html Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
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      https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2022-0002 Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-02 Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220321-0002/ Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220429-0005/ Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5103 Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20220315.txt Types: Vendor Advisory
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      https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-06 Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-07 Types: Third Party Advisory
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      Source identifier: openssl-security@openssl.org

    2. Record modifiedCVE Program

      Show 80 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
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      http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167344/OpenSSL-1.0.2-1.1.1-3.0-BN_mod_sqrt-Infinite-Loop.html
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      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33
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      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/35
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      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/38
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      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-712929.pdf
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      https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git%3Ba=commitdiff%3Bh=3118eb64934499d93db3230748a452351d1d9a65
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      https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git%3Ba=commitdiff%3Bh=380085481c64de749a6dd25cdf0bcf4360b30f83
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      https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git%3Ba=commitdiff%3Bh=a466912611aa6cbdf550cd10601390e587451246
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      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00023.html
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      https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2022-0002
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      https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-02
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220321-0002/
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220429-0005/
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0006/
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      https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5103
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      https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20220315.txt
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      https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html
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      https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html
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      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-06
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      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-07
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      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-08
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      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-09
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      Referenceremoved
      https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GDB3GQVJPXJE7X5C5JN6JAA4XUDWD6E6/
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/W6K3PR542DXWLEFFMFIDMME4CWMHJRMG/
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2022-0002
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-02
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220321-0002/
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220429-0005/
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0006/
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213255
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213256
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213257
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5103
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20220315.txt
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-06
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-07
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-08
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-09
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167344/OpenSSL-1.0.2-1.1.1-3.0-BN_mod_sqrt-Infinite-Loop.html Types: Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33 Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/35 Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/38 Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-712929.pdf Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00023.html Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00024.html Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2022-0002 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-02 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220321-0002/ Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220429-0005/ Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213255 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213256 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213257 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5103 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20220315.txt Types: Vendor Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-06 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-07 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-08 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-09 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —

      Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    3. Record modifiedSiemens ADP

      Show 11 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2022/0xxx/CVE-2022-0778.json">CVE-2022-0778</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019200.html
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-028723.html
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-108696.html
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-398330.html
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-712929.html
      Referenceremoved
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019200.html
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-028723.html
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-108696.html
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-398330.html
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-712929.html
      —

      Source identifier: 0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e

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    <a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2022-0778"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2022-0778.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2022-0778 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>