HighCVE-2026-94579

    Fabric OS: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CVE-2026-94579)

    Published Last modified Sources: BSI

    What is affected, what to do

    An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) session cleanup routines during SSH session termination on Brocade Fabric OS versions before 9.2.2d and 10.0.0 through 10.0.0a1. An authenticated user authenticating via an external directory or AAA service whose username or profile identifier contains shell metacharacters can trigger arbitrary command execution with root privileges when their remote SSH session closes.

    Update Brocade Fabric OS to version 9.2.2d.

    Affected
    • Brocade Fabric OS lt *..9.2.2d
    • Brocade Fabric OS lte 10.0.0..10.0.0a1
    Fixed in
    • Brocade Fabric OS 9.2.2d

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    8.0

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    8.0

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: BSI

    3.1 %

    EPSS score

    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 87.8

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    65.34 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    8.0 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.0
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    5.4
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    3.1 %
    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    87.8
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 8 October 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-78

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) session cleanup routines during SSH session termination on Brocade Fabric OS versions before 9.2.2d and 10.0.0 through 10.0.0a1. An authenticated user authenticating via an external directory or AAA service whose username or profile identifier contains shell metacharacters can trigger arbitrary command execution with root privileges when their remote SSH session closes.

    Source: BSI WID Portal

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    BrocadeFabric OS
    • 10.0.0 – ≤ 10.0.0a1
    • < 10.0.1
    • < 9.2.2d
    • —
    • 10.0.1
    • 9.2.2d
    BroadcomFabric OS
    • < 10.0.1
    • 10.0.1

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Otherbroadcomfabric_operating_system—

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

      Base

      The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-78

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Initial analysis by NVDNVD

      Newly listed as affected:

      CVSS V3.1: AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

      Show 3 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:o:broadcom:fabric_operating_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 9.2.2d *cpe:2.3:o:broadcom:fabric_operating_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 10.0.0 up to (excluding) 10.0.1
      Reference typeadded
      —
      Brocade Communications Systems, LLC: https://support.broadcom.com/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/39147 Types: Vendor Advisory

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

    2. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-94579","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-08T15:45:11.955920Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    3. Receivedbrocade.com

      CVSS V4.0: AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

      Weakness type: CWE-78

      Description added or changed

      Show 5 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionadded
      —
      An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) session cleanup routines during SSH session termination on Brocade Fabric OS versions before 9.2.2d and 10.0.0 through 10.0.0a1. An authenticated user authenticating via an external directory or AAA service whose username or profile identifier contains shell metacharacters can trigger arbitrary command execution with root privileges when their remote SSH session closes.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-78
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/94xxx/CVE-2026-94579.json">CVE-2026-94579</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://support.broadcom.com/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/39147

      Source identifier: sirt@brocade.com

    Linked CVEs

    Linked CVEs
    MediumCVE-2026-94587Brocade Fabric OS: Classic Buffer Overflow4.5—
    HighCVE-2026-94586Brocade Fabric OS: OS Command Injection6.8—
    HighCVE-2026-94585Brocade Fabric OS: Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel8.8—
    LowCVE-2026-94584Brocade Fabric OS: Race Condition2.6—
    LowCVE-2026-94583Brocade Fabric OS: Race Condition2.6—
    HighCVE-2026-94582Brocade Fabric OS: Classic Buffer Overflow7.8—
    HighCVE-2026-94581Brocade Fabric OS: OS Command Injection6.8—
    MediumCVE-2026-94580Brocade Fabric OS: Path Traversal4.5—
    HighCVE-2026-94579Brocade Fabric OS: OS Command Injection8.0—
    HighCVE-2026-94578Brocade Fabric OS: Improper Privilege Management8.8—
    HighCVE-2026-94577Brocade Fabric OS: External Control of System or Configuration Setting7.8—
    HighCVE-2026-94576Brocade Fabric OS: Partial String Comparison8.0—
    MediumCVE-2026-94575Brocade Fabric OS: Incorrect Block Delimitation5.7—
    HighCVE-2026-87688Brocade Fabric OS: Command Injection6.8—
    HighCVE-2026-87679Brocade Fabric OS: Heap-based Buffer Overflow7.2—
    MediumCVE-2026-87678Brocade Fabric OS: CRLF Injection5.2—
    MediumCVE-2026-87677Brocade Fabric OS: OS Command Injection6.6—
    MediumCVE-2026-87676Brocade Fabric OS: Stack-based Buffer Overflow5.7—
    HighCVE-2026-87675Brocade Fabric OS: OS Command Injection6.8—
    HighCVE-2026-87674Brocade Fabric OS: OS Command Injection7.8—
    HighCVE-2026-87673Brocade Fabric OS: OS Command Injection7.2—
    MediumCVE-2026-87672Brocade Fabric OS: Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File5.5—
    HighCVE-2026-87671Brocade Fabric OS: Out-of-Bounds Access7.5—
    MediumCVE-2026-87670Brocade Fabric OS: Authentication Bypass by Spoofing4.3—
    Show 10 more CVEs
    Linked CVEs
    MediumCVE-2026-87669Brocade Fabric OS: Missing Authorization4.3—
    MediumCVE-2026-87668Brocade Fabric OS: Stack-based Buffer Overflow6.5—
    HighCVE-2026-87667Brocade Fabric OS: Argument Injection4.5—
    HighCVE-2026-87666Brocade Fabric OS: OS Command Injection8.0—
    HighCVE-2026-87665Brocade Fabric OS: Stack-based Buffer Overflow7.5—
    HighCVE-2026-87664Brocade Fabric OS: Missing Authentication for Critical Function7.8—
    HighCVE-2026-87663Brocade Fabric OS: Authentication Bypass by Spoofing6.7—
    MediumCVE-2026-87661Brocade Fabric OS: CRLF Injection5.7—
    HighCVE-2026-87660Brocade Fabric OS: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource7.1—
    CriticalCVE-2026-87659Brocade Fabric OS: Missing Authentication for Critical Function9.8—
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