HighCVE-2025-48734

    Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x: Improper Access Control (CVE-2025-48734)

    Published Last modified Sources: BSI

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    What is affected, what to do

    A flaw was found in Apache Commons BeanUtils. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via uncontrolled access to the declaredClass property on Java enum objects, which can expose the class loader when property paths are passed from external sources to methods like getProperty() or getNestedProperty().

    Update Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x to version 1.11.0, Apache Commons BeanUtils 2.x to version 2.0.0-M2.

    Affected
    • Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x lt 1.0..1.11.0
    • Apache Commons BeanUtils 2.x lt 2.0.0-M1..2.0.0-M2
    Fixed in
    • Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x 1.11.0
    • Apache Commons BeanUtils 2.x 2.0.0-M2

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    8.8

    XIEM Effective CVSS

    Highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    8.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: BSI

    2.0 %

    EPSS score

    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 81.2

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    117.78 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    8.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.8
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    2.0 %
    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    81.2
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: proof of concept · not automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 29 April 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-284

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    A flaw was found in Apache Commons BeanUtils. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via uncontrolled access to the declaredClass property on Java enum objects, which can expose the class loader when property paths are passed from external sources to methods like getProperty() or getNestedProperty().

    Source: BSI WID Portal

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    Apache Software FoundationApache Commons BeanUtils 1.x
    • 1.0 – < 1.11.0
    • 1.11.0
    Apache Software FoundationApache Commons BeanUtils 2.x
    • 2.0.0-M1 – < 2.0.0-M2
    • 2.0.0-M2
    apachecommons_beanutils
    • 1.0 – < 1.11.0
    • 2.0.0
    • 1.11.0
    • —
    ApacheCommons beanutils
    • < 1.11.0
    • 1.11.0
    ApacheCommons beanutils2
    • < 2.0.0-M2
    • 2.0.0-M2
    AtlassianBamboo
    • <10.2.6 (LTS)
    • < 11.0.3
    • <9.6.15 (LTS)
    • —
    • 11.0.3
    • —
    AtlassianBitbucket
    • < 10.0.2
    • <8.19.25 (LTS)
    • <9.4.13 (LTS)
    • 10.0.2
    • —
    • —
    AtlassianConfluence
    • < 10.0.3
    • < 8.5.24
    • < 9.2.6
    • < 9.5.2
    • 10.0.3
    • 8.5.24
    • 9.2.6
    • 9.5.2
    DellSecure Connect Gateway
    • < 5.30.0.14
    • < 5.34.00.16
    • 5.30.0.14
    • 5.34.00.16
    IBMSecurity Guardium
    • 11.5
    • —
    IBMSPSS
    • Analytic Server
    • Collaboration and Deployment Services 8.5
    • Collaboration and Deployment Services 8.6
    • Modeler
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    IBMTivoli Business Service Manager
    • < 6.2.0.6
    • 6.2.0.6
    IBMTivoli Network Manager
    • IP Edition <4.2 Fix Pack 23
    • —
    OracleCommunications
    • 10.0.0
    • 15.0.0.0
    • 15.0.3
    • 22.4.0
    • 23.1.0
    • 23.4.3
    • 24.2.0
    • 24.2.4
    • 24.2.5
    • 24.3.0
    • 24.3.1
    • 25.1.100
    • 25.1.101
    • 4.1.0
    • 4.2.0
    • 5.0.0
    • 5.1
    • 5.2
    • 9.1.5
    • 9.2.0
    • 9.3.0
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
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    • —
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    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    OracleEnterprise Manager
    • 13.5
    • 24.1
    • —
    • —
    From bundled advisories, not CVE-specific (40)

    Product list of a bundled advisory that does not state which product this CVE affects.

    Products from bundled advisories
    Affected versionsFixed in
    AtlassianBamboo
    • < 10.2.18
    • < 12.1.6
    • 10.2.18
    • 12.1.6
    AtlassianBitbucket
    • < 10.2.2
    • < 9.4.19
    • 10.2.2
    • 9.4.19
    AtlassianConfluence
    • < 10.2.10
    • < 9.2.19
    • 10.2.10
    • 9.2.19
    AtlassianJira
    • < 10.3.19
    • < 11.3.4
    • 10.3.19
    • 11.3.4
    AtlassianJira Service Management
    • < 10.3.19
    • < 11.3.4
    • 10.3.19
    • 11.3.4
    IBMSPSS
    • Modeler
    • —
    OracleCommunications
    • 11
    • 14
    • 15.0.0.0.0
    • 15.0.1.0.0
    • 15.1.0.0.0
    • 15.2.0.0.0
    • 24.2.4-25.2.000
    • 25.1.100
    • 25.1.200
    • 25.2.100
    • 25.2.200
    • 25.2.201
    • 25.2.202
    • 26.1.200
    • 26.1.202
    • 47.0.0.2.0
    • 6
    • 6.1
    • 6.1.1-7.0.0
    • 7.0.0
    • 7.5.0
    • 7.5.1
    • 7.6.0
    • 7.7.0
    • 7.8.0
    • 8.0.1
    • 8.0-8.1
    • 8.0-8.3
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
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    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    Red HatOpenShift
    • Container Platform release 4.21.17
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Linuxdebiancommons-beanutilsbullseye

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-284Improper Access Control

      Pillar

      The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-284

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedApache

      Show 3 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://lists.apache.org/thread/s0hb3jkfj5f3ryx6c57zqtfohb0of1g9
      Referenceremoved
      https://lists.apache.org/thread/s0hb3jkfj5f3ryx6c57zqtfohb0of1g9
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://lists.apache.org/thread/s0hb3jkfj5f3ryx6c57zqtfohb0of1g9 Types: Mailing List, Vendor Advisory
      —

      Source identifier: security@apache.org

    2. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: proof of concept, automatable: no

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentremoved
      {"id":"CVE-2025-48734","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"poc"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2025-05-28T00:00:00+00:00"}
      —
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2025-48734","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"poc"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-04-29T03:55:28.970405Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    3. Record modifiedCVE Program

      Show 5 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/28/6
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/06/msg00027.html
      Referenceremoved
      http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/28/6
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/06/msg00027.html
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/28/6 Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
      —

      Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Linked CVEs

    Linked CVEs
    HighCVE-2025-48734Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x: Improper Access Control8.8—
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