HighCVE-2025-48734

    Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x: Improper Access Control (CVE-2025-48734)

    Published Sources: BSI, CVE.org, Ubuntu, OSV, EUVD

    What is affected, what to do

    Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Commons. A special BeanIntrospector class was added in version 1.9.2.

    Update Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x to version 1.11.0, Apache Commons BeanUtils 2.x to version 2.0.0-M2.

    Affected
    • Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x lt 1.0..1.11.0
    • Apache Commons BeanUtils 2.x lt 2.0.0-M1..2.0.0-M2
    Fixed in
    • Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x 1.11.0
    • Apache Commons BeanUtils 2.x 2.0.0-M2

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    8.8

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    8.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: BSI, CVE.org, Ubuntu, OSV, EUVD

    1.8 %

    EPSS score

    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 78.5

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    102.61 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    8.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.8
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    1.8 %
    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    78.5
    High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-284

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Commons. A special BeanIntrospector class was added in version 1.9.2. This can be used to stop attackers from using the declared class property of Java enum objects to get access to the classloader. However this protection was not enabled by default. PropertyUtilsBean (and consequently BeanUtilsBean) now disallows declared class level property access by default. Releases 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 address a potential security issue when accessing enum properties in an uncontrolled way. If an application using Commons BeanUtils passes property paths from an external source directly to the getProperty() method of PropertyUtilsBean, an attacker can access the enum’s class loader via the “declaredClass” property available on all Java “enum” objects. Accessing the enum’s “declaredClass” allows remote attackers to access the ClassLoader and execute arbitrary code. The same issue exists with PropertyUtilsBean.getNestedProperty(). Starting in versions 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 a special BeanIntrospector suppresses the “declaredClass” property. Note that this new BeanIntrospector is enabled by default, but you can disable it to regain the old behavior; see section 2.5 of the user's guide and the unit tests. This issue affects Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x before 1.11.0, and 2.x before 2.0.0-M2.Users of the artifact commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils 1.x are recommended to upgrade to version 1.11.0, which fixes the issue. Users of the artifact org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2 2.x are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.0-M2, which fixes the issue.

    Source: BSI CSAF, BSI WID Portal, cvelistv5, Ubuntu Security Notices, OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), ENISA EUVD, NVD (NIST), CVE.org (MITRE)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    VendorProductAffected versionsFixed in
    Apache Software FoundationApache Commons BeanUtils 1.x
    • 1.0 – < 1.11.0
    • 1.11.0
    Apache Software FoundationApache Commons BeanUtils 2.x
    • 2.0.0-M1 – < 2.0.0-M2
    • 2.0.0-M2
    apachecommons_beanutils
    • 1.0 – < 1.11.0
    • 2.0.0
    • 1.11.0
    • —
    ApacheCommons beanutils
    • < 1.11.0
    • 1.11.0
    ApacheCommons beanutils2
    • < 2.0.0-M2
    • 2.0.0-M2
    AtlassianBamboo
    • <9.6.15 (LTS)
    • < 11.0.3
    • <10.2.6 (LTS)
    • —
    • 11.0.3
    • —
    AtlassianBitbucket
    • <9.4.13 (LTS)
    • <8.19.25 (LTS)
    • < 10.0.2
    • —
    • —
    • 10.0.2
    AtlassianConfluence
    • < 10.0.3
    • < 9.5.2
    • < 8.5.24
    • < 9.2.6
    • 10.0.3
    • 9.5.2
    • 8.5.24
    • 9.2.6
    DellSecure Connect Gateway
    • < 5.34.00.16
    • < 5.30.0.14
    • 5.34.00.16
    • 5.30.0.14
    IBMSecurity Guardium
    • 11.5
    • —
    IBMSPSS
    • Collaboration and Deployment Services 8.5
    • Collaboration and Deployment Services 8.6
    • Analytic Server
    • —
    • —
    • —
    IBMTivoli Business Service Manager
    • < 6.2.0.6
    • 6.2.0.6
    IBMTivoli Network Manager
    • IP Edition <4.2 Fix Pack 23
    • —
    OracleCommunications
    • 7.5.0
    • 9.3.0
    • 15.0.1.0.0
    • 26.1.202
    • 7.7.0
    • 25.1.100
    • 47.0.0.2.0
    • 7.0.0
    • 6
    • 24.2.4
    • 24.3.0
    • 6.1
    • 25.1.101
    • 15.0.3
    • 7.8.0
    • 24.2.0
    • 24.2.4-25.2.000
    • 10.0.0
    • 9.2.0
    • 7.5.1
    • 25.2.100
    • 24.2.5
    • 8.0-8.1
    • 8.0.1
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-284Improper Access Control

      Pillar

      The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-284

    References & sources

    • NVD (NIST)vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48734advisory
    • github.comapache/commons-beanutils/commit/bd20740da25b69552ddef8523beec08…web
    • github.comapache/commons-beanutilspackage
    • lists.apache.orgthread/s0hb3jkfj5f3ryx6c57zqtfohb0of1g9web, Vendor advisory, Mailing list, Vendor advisory
    • lists.debian.orgdebian-lts-announce/2025/06/msg00027.htmlweb
    • openwall.comlists/oss-security/2025/05/28/6web, Mailing list, Third-party advisory
    Embed badge

    Show the severity and KEV status of this vulnerability on your site – with a link back here. The image is updated hourly.

    Badge preview for CVE-2025-48734
    <a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2025-48734"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2025-48734.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2025-48734 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>