HighCVE-2026-96512

    Sudo: sudo: tz environment variable allows bypass of notbefore/notafter time-based authorization (CVE-2026-96512)

    Published Last modified Sources: Red Hat, BSI, CVE.org, Ubuntu, Msrc Update Guide

    What is affected, what to do

    A flaw was found in sudo. When sudoers rules use NOTBEFORE or NOTAFTER time-based access restrictions with timestamps that omit the trailing 'Z' timezone indicator, the time evaluation relies on the TZ environment variable inherited from the calling user.

    An exploit is publicly available. Update Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 to version 0:1.9.17-10.p2.el10_2.7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support to version 0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.5, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support to version 0:1.8.23-10.el7_9.6.

    Affected
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 lt *..0:1.9.17-10.p2.el10_2.7
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support lt *..0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.5
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support lt *..0:1.8.23-10.el7_9.6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 lt *..0:1.9.5p2-2.el8_10
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support lt *..0:1.8.29-7.el8_4.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On lt *..0:1.8.29-7.el8_4.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support lt *..0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_6.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On lt *..0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_6.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service lt *..0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_8.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions lt *..0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_8.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 lt *..0:1.9.17p2-3.el9_8.3
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions lt *..0:1.9.5p2-9.el9_2.5
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions lt *..0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_4.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support lt *..0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_6.4
    • Red Hat Hardened Images lt *..1.9.17-16.p2.2.hum1
    • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.0 lt *..1793041981
    • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 lt *..1793042006
    • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 lt *..1793041995
    • Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 lt *..1791964013
    • Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 lt *..1791978693
    Fixed in
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 0:1.9.17-10.p2.el10_2.7
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support 0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.5
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support 0:1.8.23-10.el7_9.6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 0:1.9.5p2-2.el8_10
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support 0:1.8.29-7.el8_4.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On 0:1.8.29-7.el8_4.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_6.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_6.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_8.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_8.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 0:1.9.17p2-3.el9_8.3
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions 0:1.9.5p2-9.el9_2.5
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions 0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_4.4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support 0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_6.4
    • Red Hat Hardened Images 1.9.17-16.p2.2.hum1
    • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.0 1793041981
    • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 1793042006
    • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 1793041995
    • Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 1791964013
    • Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 1791978693

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    7.8

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    7.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: Red Hat, BSI, CVE.org, Ubuntu, Msrc Update Guide

    0.3 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 25.1

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    72.17 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    PoC (publicly reported)
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    7.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    7.8
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    0.3 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    25.1
    Elevated — this CVE ranks above at least 10% of all CVEs scored today.
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 23 September 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-863

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    A flaw was found in sudo. When sudoers rules use NOTBEFORE or NOTAFTER time-based access restrictions with timestamps that omit the trailing 'Z' timezone indicator, the time evaluation relies on the TZ environment variable inherited from the calling user. Because sudo is a setuid-root program, an unprivileged local user can set TZ to an extreme timezone offset to shift the authorization window by up to approximately 25 hours, causing expired rules to be treated as valid. This allows the user to execute commands outside the intended time window. Authentication is not bypassed; only the time-based authorization check is affected.

    Source: redhat_csaf, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, cvelistv5, Ubuntu Security Notices, NVD (NIST), Microsoft Security Update Guide

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 10
    • < 0:1.9.17-10.p2.el10_2.7
    • 0:1.9.17-10.p2.el10_2.7
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support
    • < 0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.5
    • 0:1.9.15-8.p5.el10_0.5
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support
    • < 0:1.8.23-10.el7_9.6
    • 0:1.8.23-10.el7_9.6
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8
    • < 0:1.9.5p2-2.el8_10
    • 0:1.9.5p2-2.el8_10
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support
    • < 0:1.8.29-7.el8_4.4
    • 0:1.8.29-7.el8_4.4
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On
    • < 0:1.8.29-7.el8_4.4
    • 0:1.8.29-7.el8_4.4
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support
    • < 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_6.4
    • 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_6.4
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On
    • < 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_6.4
    • 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_6.4
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service
    • < 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_8.4
    • 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_8.4
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions
    • < 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_8.4
    • 0:1.9.5p2-1.el8_8.4
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 9
    • < 0:1.9.17p2-3.el9_8.3
    • 0:1.9.17p2-3.el9_8.3
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions
    • < 0:1.9.5p2-9.el9_2.5
    • 0:1.9.5p2-9.el9_2.5
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions
    • < 0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_4.4
    • 0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_4.4
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support
    • < 0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_6.4
    • 0:1.9.5p2-10.el9_6.4
    Red HatRed Hat Hardened Images
    • < 1.9.17-16.p2.2.hum1
    • 1.9.17-16.p2.2.hum1
    Red HatRed Hat OpenShift AI 3.0
    • < 1793041981
    • 1793041981
    Red HatRed Hat OpenShift AI 3.4
    • < 1793041995
    • < 1793042006
    • 1793041995
    • 1793042006
    Red HatRed Hat Update Infrastructure 5
    • < 1791978693
    • < 1791964013
    • 1791978693
    • 1791964013

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Linuxubuntusudojammy
    Linuxubuntusudonoble
    Linuxubuntusudoresolute

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-863Incorrect Authorization

      Class

      The product performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-863

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)CVE-2026-96512 (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 4 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:91217
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:91219
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:91244

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    2. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:92326

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    3. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:92349

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    4. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:92325

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    5. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:90287

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    Show 13 older changes

    1. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:86633

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    2. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:86635

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    3. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:86634

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    4. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:82939

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    5. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:75571

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    6. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:75579

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    7. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:75580

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    8. Record modifiedCVE Program

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/24/4

      Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    9. Record modifiedRed Hat

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:71609

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    10. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentremoved
      {"id":"CVE-2026-96512","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-09-23T16:18:10.918476Z"}
      —
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-96512","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-09-23T00:00:00+00:00"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    11. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-96512","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-09-23T16:18:10.918476Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    12. Record modifiedRed Hat

      1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    13. ReceivedRed Hat

      CVSS V3.1: AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

      Weakness type: CWE-863

      Description added or changed

      Show 7 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionadded
      —
      A flaw was found in sudo. When sudoers rules use NOTBEFORE or NOTAFTER time-based access restrictions with timestamps that omit the trailing 'Z' timezone indicator, the time evaluation relies on the TZ environment variable inherited from the calling user. Because sudo is a setuid-root program, an unprivileged local user can set TZ to an extreme timezone offset to shift the authorization window by up to approximately 25 hours, causing expired rules to be treated as valid. This allows the user to execute commands outside the intended time window. Authentication is not bypassed; only the time-based authorization check is affected.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-863
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96512.json">CVE-2026-96512</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-96512
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2539327
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/sudo-project/sudo/commit/1820a349687522f51023d1ae5925125f59679a8c

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

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