CriticalCVE-2026-9586

    Unauthenticated SQL Injection Leading to Remote Code Execution in Switchvox SMB (CVE-2026-9586)

    Published Last modified In CISA KEV since Sources: CVE.org, pwn.watch

    What is affected, what to do

    An unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in Sangoma Switchvox SMB Edition 8.3 (104997). The /pa endpoint processes XML content beginning with <PolycomIPPhone> and directly concatenates the user-controlled PhoneIP value into PostgreSQL queries without sanitization or parameterization.

    The vulnerability is being actively exploited; treat it as a priority. Update Sangoma Switchvox SMB Edition to version 8.4.0.2. Immediate actions, mitigation and detection rules are in the runbook below.

    Affected
    • Sangoma Switchvox SMB Edition lt 8.3 (104997)..8.4.0.2
    Fixed in
    • Sangoma Switchvox SMB Edition 8.4.0.2

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    9.8

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    9.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity Critical on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: CVE.org, pwn.watch

    19.0 %

    EPSS score

    Elevated — model estimates 10-50% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 97.3

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Critical
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    245.61 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    actively exploitedSource: VulnCheck KEV (opens in a new tab) How we classify
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    9.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    9.8
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    9.3
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    19.0 %
    Elevated — model estimates 10-50% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    97.3
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    Actively exploited
    Published
    In CISA KEV since

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: active · automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 1 September 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-89

    Response and mitigation

    Why act now?

    Prioritisation rationale

    This CVE is on KEV because it is unauthenticated, network-reachable, requires a single crafted HTTP request, and leads directly to RCE on a business-critical voice platform — an ideal target for opportunistic mass scanning. The CVSS vector is maximal across every dimension and the EPSS values place it among the CVEs most likely to be exploited, so treat exploitation likelihood as very high. Target profiles are any Switchvox SMB deployment, particularly SMEs with internet-exposed telephony and KRITIS/NIS2 organisations running converged voice/data networks. In the NIS2 risk register score it as "critical — patch immediately" the moment a Switchvox instance exists; where the system is internet-exposed, open a P1 incident even without current evidence of compromise.

    1. Runbook step 1

      Immediate response (0-24 h)

      • Deploy Sangoma's patch to Switchvox SMB Edition 8.4.0.2 (or later). All releases from 8.2.2.1 up to and including 8.3 (104997) through pre-8.4.0.2 are vulnerable. Attach the Sangoma vendor advisory to the change ticket.
      • Until patched, restrict access to the /pa (Polycom provisioning) endpoint via reverse proxy, firewall or WAF to known phone VLANs only. Remove any internet exposure immediately — validate with an external scan of your own ASN (Shodan/Censys).
      • Triage Switchvox hosts for prior compromise: review PostgreSQL logs (postgresql.log) and web-server access logs for the last 90 days for POST requests to /pa containing <PolycomIPPhone> XML; on any hit, invoke full IR.
      • Rotate credentials: PostgreSQL DB users, Switchvox admin accounts, SIP trunk passwords, API keys. On RCE suspicion also rotate SSH keys and local Linux accounts on the appliance.
      • Lock down outbound traffic from the Switchvox appliance at the firewall to only required destinations (SIP trunks, NTP, vendor update) to disrupt C2 and data exfiltration.

    2. Runbook step 2

      Mitigation layers

      • Network segmentation: place Switchvox management and the /pa endpoint in a dedicated VoIP VLAN with an ACL whitelist of registered phone IPs. No direct access from user networks or the internet.
      • WAF / reverse-proxy rule: block HTTP requests to /pa whose body contains <PolycomIPPhone> together with SQL metacharacters (', --, ;, UNION, SELECT, COPY, pg_) inside the PhoneIP attribute. Alternatively enforce strict XML-schema validation and reasonable content-length limits.
      • IPS/Suricata rule on HTTP POST to /pa with XML payload and suspicious SQL fragments; update commercial rulesets to the vendor-published SIDs for CVE-2026-9586.
      • Host hardening: reduce the PostgreSQL role used by the web application to only the SELECT/INSERT privileges actually required, revoke COPY ... FROM PROGRAM and pg_read_server_files to close the SQLi-to-RCE pivot.
      • Egress filtering and DNS monitoring on the appliance; add anomalous outbound connections (reverse shells, HTTP beacons) to a SIEM watchlist.
      • Take an offline backup of Switchvox configuration and the PostgreSQL database before patching or reimaging, for forensics and rollback.

    3. Runbook step 3

      Detection rules

      • Web access logs (nginx/Apache on the appliance): grep -E 'POST /pa' access.log combined with grep for PolycomIPPhone and SQL keywords. Sigma shape: selection: cs-method: POST AND cs-uri-stem: '/pa' AND cs-body|contains: ['UNION','SELECT','pg_sleep','COPY','--'].
      • PostgreSQL audit: entries with query errors (syntax error at or near), unexpected COPY statements, or calls to pg_read_server_files, pg_ls_dir, lo_import. KQL: Postgres_CL | where Message contains "COPY" and Message contains "FROM PROGRAM".
      • Process ancestry via auditd/EDR: child processes of the PostgreSQL or web-server user (postgres, apache, www-data) such as /bin/sh, bash, python, curl, wget, nc — a strong RCE indicator.
      • Network telemetry (Zeek http.log): POSTs to URI /pa with request_body_len > 500 and Content-Type text/xml originating from non-phone IPs.
      • auditd rule for new files created in /tmp, /var/tmp or /dev/shm with the execute bit set and owner postgres or web-server user, as a post-exploitation indicator.

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    Actively exploited: treat the vulnerability as a priority in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2. If it is exploited in your environment, check the reporting obligation under Art. 23 (early warning within 24 hours).
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    Since 11.09.2026, manufacturers of affected products with digital elements must report actively exploited vulnerabilities under Art. 14 CRA, with an early warning within 24 hours via ENISA's single reporting platform.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    An unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in Sangoma Switchvox SMB Edition 8.3 (104997). The /pa endpoint processes XML content beginning with <PolycomIPPhone> and directly concatenates the user-controlled PhoneIP value into PostgreSQL queries without sanitization or parameterization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary SQL statements against the backend PostgreSQL database using a single crafted request, including database operations and remote code execution.

    Source: NVD (NIST), pwn.watch, cvelistv5, CISA KEV Catalog, CVE.org (MITRE)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    SangomaSwitchvox SMB Edition
    • 8.3 (104997) – < 8.4.0.2
    • 8.4.0.2
    sangomaswitchvox
    • 8.2.2.1 – < 8.4.0.2
    • 8.4.0.2

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

      Base

      The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-89

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    CISA KEV CatalogCISA Known Exploited Vulnerability (opens in a new tab)cisa.govactively exploited
    Reference tagged as exploithorizon3.ai (opens in a new tab)PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified—
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)CVE-2026-9586_POC_EXPLOIT (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)CVE-2026-9586 (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified

    References & sources

    • sangomakb.atlassian.netSangoma Switchvox — CVE-2026-9586Release notes, pwn-watch, Release notes
    • labs.sra.ioposts/switchvoxThird-party advisory, Third-party advisory
    • horizon3.aiattack-research/disclosures/cve-2026-9586-sangoma-switchvox-rceThird-party advisory, Exploit, Third-party advisory
    • cisa.govknown-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2026-9586government-resource, Third-party advisory, US government resource
    • pwn.watchpwn.watch: Sangoma Switchvox: Sangoma Switchvox SQL Injection Vulnerabilitypwn-watch
    • NVD (NIST)NVD: CVE-2026-9586pwn-watch
    • cisa.govCISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalogpwn-watch

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: active, automatable: yes

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentchanged
      {"id":"CVE-2026-9586","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"active"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-09-02T17:44:27.645423Z"}
      {"id":"CVE-2026-9586","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"active"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-09-01T00:00:00+00:00"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    2. CISA KEV entry updated9119a7d8…

      4 individual changes: Date Added, Due Date, Required Action, Vulnerability Name

      Show 4 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Date Addedadded
      —
      2026-09-02
      Due Dateadded
      —
      2026-09-02
      Required Actionadded
      —
      2026-09-02
      Vulnerability Nameadded
      —
      2026-09-02

      Source identifier: 9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725

    3. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: active, automatable: yes

      Show 3 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://horizon3.ai/attack-research/disclosures/cve-2026-9586-sangoma-switchvox-rce/#
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2026-9586
      SSVC assessmentchanged
      {"id":"CVE-2026-9586","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-09-01T00:00:00+00:00"}
      {"id":"CVE-2026-9586","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"active"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-09-02T17:44:27.645423Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    4. Record modified57dba5dd…

      Show 4 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://labs.sra.io/posts/switchvox/
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://sangomakb.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/Switchvox/pages/1802371073/Switchvox+-+Release+Notes+Version+8.4.0.2+July+14+2026
      Referenceremoved
      https://labs.sra.io/posts/switchvox/
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://sangomakb.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/Switchvox/pages/1802371073/Switchvox+-+Release+Notes+Version+8.4.0.2+July+14+2026
      —

      Source identifier: 57dba5dd-1a03-47f6-8b36-e84e47d335d8

    5. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: yes

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentchanged
      {"id":"CVE-2026-9586","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-08-12T18:53:50.917227Z"}
      {"id":"CVE-2026-9586","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-09-01T00:00:00+00:00"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Show 2 older changes

    1. Received57dba5dd…

      CVSS V4.0: AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

      Weakness type: CWE-89

      Description added or changed

      Show 6 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Switchvox SMB Edition
      Descriptionadded
      —
      An unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in Sangoma Switchvox SMB Edition 8.3 (104997). The /pa endpoint processes XML content beginning with <PolycomIPPhone> and directly concatenates the user-controlled PhoneIP value into PostgreSQL queries without sanitization or parameterization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary SQL statements against the backend PostgreSQL database using a single crafted request, including database operations and remote code execution.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-89
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://labs.sra.io/posts/switchvox/
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://sangomakb.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/Switchvox/pages/1802371073/Switchvox+-+Release+Notes+Version+8.4.0.2+July+14+2026

      Source identifier: 57dba5dd-1a03-47f6-8b36-e84e47d335d8

    2. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-9586","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-07-17T16:42:54.524029Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    One NVD translation into another language is hidden.

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