MediumCVE-2026-92091

    Jwcrypto: jwcrypto: denial of service via o(n^2) duplicate check on unbounded jwk key_ops array (CVE-2026-92091)

    Published Last modified Sources: CVE.org, SUSE

    What is affected, what to do

    A flaw was found in jwcrypto. The JWK.import_key() function validates the key_ops JWK member for duplicate values using an algorithm with O(n^2) time complexity, and the length of key_ops is not bounded.

    The available sources name no fixed version. Check the vendor guidance in the references below.

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    5.9

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    5.9

    CVSS v3

    Severity Medium on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: CVE.org, SUSE

    0.6 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 46.9

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Medium
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    74.68 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    5.9 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    5.9
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

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    0.6 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

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    46.9
    High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-407

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    Handle the vulnerability in regular vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    A flaw was found in jwcrypto. The JWK.import_key() function validates the key_ops JWK member for duplicate values using an algorithm with O(n^2) time complexity, and the length of key_ops is not bounded. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can supply a JWK with a large key_ops array to an application that passes attacker-controlled key material to a public key-import API (reachable via ECDH-ES key agreement, OIDC dynamic client registration, DPoP, or ACME account key registration, among others) to consume excessive CPU time, resulting in a denial of service.

    Source: NVD (NIST), suse_csaf, cvelistv5

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    Red HatRed Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 10
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 7
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 9
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat OpenStack Platform 17.1
    • —
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-407Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

      Class

      An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-407

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: proof of concept, automatable: no

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/latchset/jwcrypto/security/advisories/GHSA-pwgw-f7xr-863h
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-92091","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"poc"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-09-16T14:54:32.638607Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    2. ReceivedRed Hat

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

      Weakness type: CWE-407

      Description added or changed

      Show 7 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionadded
      —
      A flaw was found in jwcrypto. The JWK.import_key() function validates the key_ops JWK member for duplicate values using an algorithm with O(n^2) time complexity, and the length of key_ops is not bounded. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can supply a JWK with a large key_ops array to an application that passes attacker-controlled key material to a public key-import API (reachable via ECDH-ES key agreement, OIDC dynamic client registration, DPoP, or ACME account key registration, among others) to consume excessive CPU time, resulting in a denial of service.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-407
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/92xxx/CVE-2026-92091.json">CVE-2026-92091</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-92091
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2533849
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/latchset/jwcrypto/security/advisories/GHSA-pwgw-f7xr-863h

      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

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