HighCVE-2026-69152

    brace-expansion: DoS via unbounded intermediate arrays, bypassing the CVE-2026-14257 mitigation (CVE-2026-69152)

    Published Last modified Sources: Red Hat, BSI, CVE.org, OSV, Msrc Update Guide

    What is affected, what to do

    A flaw was found in the brace-expansion library. The `expand()` function does not apply `maxLength` when constructing comma-alternative intermediate arrays or padded sequences, allowing attacker-controlled input to exhaust memory or block the event loop, resulting in a denial of service.

    An exploit is publicly available. Update juliangruber brace-expansion to version 1.1.18.

    Affected
    • juliangruber brace-expansion gte 2.0.0, < 2.1.4..*
    • juliangruber brace-expansion lt *..1.1.18
    Fixed in
    • juliangruber brace-expansion 1.1.18

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    7.5

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    7.5

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: Red Hat, BSI, CVE.org, OSV, Msrc Update Guide

    0.7 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 50.7

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    80.51 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    PoC (publicly reported)
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    7.5 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    7.5
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    0.7 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    50.7
    High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-400, CWE-770

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    A flaw was found in the brace-expansion library. The `expand()` function does not apply `maxLength` when constructing comma-alternative intermediate arrays or padded sequences, allowing attacker-controlled input to exhaust memory or block the event loop, resulting in a denial of service. This issue is due to an incomplete mitigation of CVE-2026-14257.

    Source: redhat_csaf, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, NVD (NIST), OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), Microsoft Security Update Guide, cvelistv5, CVE.org (MITRE)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    juliangruberbrace-expansion
    • ≥ 2.0.0, < 2.1.4
    • < 1.1.18
    • < 1.1.18
    • 3.0.0 – < 3.0.6
    • 4.0.0 – < 5.0.9
    • 2.0.0 – < 2.1.4
    • —
    • 1.1.18
    • 1.1.18
    • 3.0.6
    • 5.0.9
    • 2.1.4
    IBMApp Connect Enterprise
    • < 13.0.9.0
    • < 12.0.12.30
    • 13.0.9.0
    • 12.0.12.30
    Red HatEnterprise Linux
    • 10
    • 8
    • —
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

      Class

      The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-400

    • CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

      Base

      The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-770

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    Reference tagged as exploitgithub.com (opens in a new tab)PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified—

    References & sources

    • github.comjuliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-rgw5-rvv9…web, x_refsource_CONFIRM, Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor advisory
    • NVD (NIST)vuln/detail/CVE-2026-69152advisory
    • github.comjuliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/139d015104e71433ad52a41d194…web, x_refsource_MISC, Patch
    • github.comjuliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/1e30c930238d7162802d88a9418…web, x_refsource_MISC, Patch
    • github.comjuliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/688a99eeaab02627c2b89ba8ba4…web, x_refsource_MISC, Patch
    • github.comjuliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/cb4b9e47cc2ec777c14b2b4492f…web, x_refsource_MISC, Patch
    • github.comjuliangruber/brace-expansionpackage

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Initial analysis by NVDNVD

      Newly listed as affected:
      Show 7 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:juliangruber:brace-expansion:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.1.18 *cpe:2.3:a:juliangruber:brace-expansion:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions from (including) 2.0.0 up to (excluding) 2.1.4 *cpe:2.3:a:juliangruber:brace-expansion:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions from (including) 3.0.0 up to (excluding) 3.0.6 *cpe:2.3:a:juliangruber:brace-expansion:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions from (including) 4.0.0 up to (excluding) 5.0.9
      Reference typeadded
      —
      GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/139d015104e71433ad52a41d19467c48ecbb2c7d Types: Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/1e30c930238d7162802d88a94189182def178dac Types: Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/688a99eeaab02627c2b89ba8ba4821fecfa659cf Types: Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/cb4b9e47cc2ec777c14b2b4492fb431a56f6a031 Types: Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895 Types: Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      CISA-ADP: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895 Types: Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

    2. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: proof of concept, automatable: yes

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-69152","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"poc"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-08-03T20:11:59.381371Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    3. ReceivedGitHub

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

      Weakness type: CWE-400, CWE-770

      Description added or changed

      Show 10 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      brace-expansion
      Descriptionadded
      —
      The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.18, 2.1.4, 3.0.6, and 5.0.9, expand() does not apply maxLength while constructing comma-alternative intermediate arrays or padded sequences, allowing attacker-controlled input to exhaust memory or block the event loop. The fix for CVE-2026-14257 is bypassed by the vulnerability. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.18, 2.1.4, 3.0.6, and 5.0.9.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-400
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-770
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/139d015104e71433ad52a41d19467c48ecbb2c7d
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/1e30c930238d7162802d88a94189182def178dac
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/688a99eeaab02627c2b89ba8ba4821fecfa659cf
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/cb4b9e47cc2ec777c14b2b4492fb431a56f6a031
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895

      Source identifier: security-advisories@github.com

    One NVD translation into another language is hidden.

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