HighCVE-2026-66297

    Unescaped deployment environment variables in generated setup commands (CVE-2026-66297)

    Published Last modified Sources: CVE.org, OSV

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    What is affected, what to do

    Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection) vulnerability in livebook-dev livebook allows command injection into generated deployment setup commands. LivebookWeb.Hub.Teams.DeploymentGroupAgentComponent.docker_instructions/2 and LivebookWeb.Hub.Teams.DeploymentGroupAgentComponent.fly_instructions/4 in lib/livebook_web/live/hub/teams/deployment_group_agent_component.ex interpolate deployment group environment variable values into the generated Docker and Fly.io setup commands without shell escaping.

    An exploit is publicly available. Update Livebook to version 0.18.7, Livebook to version 0.19.9, Livebook to version 0.18.7-cuda12.

    Affected
    • Livebook lt 0.13.0..0.18.7
    • Livebook lt 0.19.0..0.19.9
    • Livebook lt 0.13.0-cuda12..0.18.7-cuda12
    • Livebook lt 0.19.0-cuda12..0.19.9-cuda12
    Fixed in
    • Livebook 0.18.7
    • Livebook 0.19.9
    • Livebook 0.18.7-cuda12
    • Livebook 0.19.9-cuda12

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    8.0

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    8.0

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: CVE.org, OSV

    2.4 %

    EPSS score

    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 84.1

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    118.68 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    PoC (publicly reported)
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    8.0 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.0
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    5.0
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    2.4 %
    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    84.1
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: proof of concept · not automatable · Technical impact: partial
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 6 August 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-78

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection) vulnerability in livebook-dev livebook allows command injection into generated deployment setup commands. LivebookWeb.Hub.Teams.DeploymentGroupAgentComponent.docker_instructions/2 and LivebookWeb.Hub.Teams.DeploymentGroupAgentComponent.fly_instructions/4 in lib/livebook_web/live/hub/teams/deployment_group_agent_component.ex interpolate deployment group environment variable values into the generated Docker and Fly.io setup commands without shell escaping. The values originate from the deployment group configuration and reach the sinks through Livebook.Hubs.Dockerfile.online_docker_info/3. Both sinks place the value inside a double-quoted shell word, so a value containing a command substitution such as $(...) or backticks is evaluated by the shell without any need to break out of the quoting, and a literal double quote terminates the quoted word and allows arbitrary further tokens. The generated command is displayed in the Livebook web interface with a copy button, so a user who copies it and runs it without reviewing it first executes the injected commands on their own machine, under their own account. An attacker requires privileges sufficient to set deployment group environment variables, while the resulting code execution occurs on the machine of whoever runs the generated command. The Kubernetes instructions are not affected, because they render the same values into a YAML manifest with escaping rather than into a shell command. This issue affects livebook: from 0.13.0 before 0.18.7 and from 0.19.0 before 0.19.9.

    Source: cvelistv5, NVD (NIST), OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    livebook-devlivebook
    • 0.13.0-cuda12 – < 0.18.7-cuda12
    • 0.19.0-cuda12 – < 0.19.9-cuda12
    • 0.13.0 – < 0.18.7
    • 0.19.0 – < 0.19.9
    • 0.18.7-cuda12
    • 0.19.9-cuda12
    • 0.18.7
    • 0.19.9
    livebooklivebook
    • 0.13.0 – < 0.18.7
    • 0.19.0 – < 0.19.9
    • 0.18.7
    • 0.19.9
    hexlivebook
    • 0.17.0
    • 0.19.1
    • 0.17.1
    • 0.15.1
    • 0.18.3
    • 0.18.4
    • 0.18.5
    • 0.16.1
    • 0.13.1
    • 0.19.4
    • 0.15.4
    • 0.13.2
    • 0.16.2
    • 0.18.2
    • 0.19.0
    • 0.14.0-rc.0
    • 0.14.6
    • 0.19.6
    • 0.15.5
    • 0.14.4
    • 0.13.3
    • 0.15.3
    • 0.16.3
    • 0.16.4
    • 0.17.3
    • 0.15.2
    • 0.16.0
    • 0.14.7
    • 0.14.0
    • 0.13.0
    • 0.14.2
    • 0.18.6
    • 0.14.0-rc.1
    • 0.18.0
    • 0.14.3
    • 0.19.5
    • 0.18.1
    • 0.19.3
    • 0.17.2
    • 0.19.2
    • 0.15.0
    • 0.19.7
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    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

      Base

      The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-78

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    Reference tagged as exploitgithub.com (opens in a new tab)PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified—

    References & sources

    • github.comlivebook-dev/livebook/security/advisories/GHSA-qpjc-w5mm-73mjadvisory, Vendor advisory, related, Exploit, Patch, Vendor advisory
    • cna.erlef.orgcves/CVE-2026-66297.htmlweb, related, Vendor advisory
    • github.comlivebook-dev/livebook/commit/b2a8416d149043132fe5a14ed611e0fefc…fix, Patch, Patch
    • github.comlivebook-dev/livebook/commit/0c2487326bbb37cb1eb43bb2f76eb93ad9…fix, Patch, Patch
    • github.comlivebook-dev/livebook/commit/f8fe9c62cb8bfc1dd0ccda4ea4a57c5e91…fix, Patch, Patch
    • hex.pmpackages/livebookpackage
    • OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-66297related, Third-party advisory

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Initial analysis by NVDNVD

      Newly listed as affected:
      • Livebook (0.13.0 – before 0.18.7; 0.19.0 – before 0.19.9)

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

      Show 9 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:livebook:livebook:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 0.13.0 up to (excluding) 0.18.7 *cpe:2.3:a:livebook:livebook:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 0.19.0 up to (excluding) 0.19.9
      Reference typeadded
      —
      CISA-ADP: https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/security/advisories/GHSA-qpjc-w5mm-73mj Types: Exploit, Patch, Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-66297.html Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/commit/0c2487326bbb37cb1eb43bb2f76eb93ad9f8fd6b Types: Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/commit/b2a8416d149043132fe5a14ed611e0fefc9dc9cd Types: Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/commit/f8fe9c62cb8bfc1dd0ccda4ea4a57c5e91563c85 Types: Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/security/advisories/GHSA-qpjc-w5mm-73mj Types: Exploit, Patch, Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      EEF: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-66297 Types: Third Party Advisory

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

    2. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: proof of concept, automatable: no

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/security/advisories/GHSA-qpjc-w5mm-73mj
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-66297","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"poc"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-08-06T13:04:06.826223Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    3. ReceivedEEF

      CVSS V4.0: AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

      Weakness type: CWE-78

      Description added or changed

      Show 10 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      livebook, livebook, livebook
      Descriptionadded
      —
      Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection) vulnerability in livebook-dev livebook allows command injection into generated deployment setup commands. LivebookWeb.Hub.Teams.DeploymentGroupAgentComponent.docker_instructions/2 and LivebookWeb.Hub.Teams.DeploymentGroupAgentComponent.fly_instructions/4 in lib/livebook_web/live/hub/teams/deployment_group_agent_component.ex interpolate deployment group environment variable values into the generated Docker and Fly.io setup commands without shell escaping. The values originate from the deployment group configuration and reach the sinks through Livebook.Hubs.Dockerfile.online_docker_info/3. Both sinks place the value inside a double-quoted shell word, so a value containing a command substitution such as $(...) or backticks is evaluated by the shell without any need to break out of the quoting, and a literal double quote terminates the quoted word and allows arbitrary further tokens. The generated command is displayed in the Livebook web interface with a copy button, so a user who copies it and runs it without reviewing it first executes the injected commands on their own machine, under their own account. An attacker requires privileges sufficient to set deployment group environment variables, while the resulting code execution occurs on the machine of whoever runs the generated command. The Kubernetes instructions are not affected, because they render the same values into a YAML manifest with escaping rather than into a shell command. This issue affects livebook: from 0.13.0 before 0.18.7 and from 0.19.0 before 0.19.9.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-78
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-66297.html
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/commit/0c2487326bbb37cb1eb43bb2f76eb93ad9f8fd6b
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/commit/b2a8416d149043132fe5a14ed611e0fefc9dc9cd
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/commit/f8fe9c62cb8bfc1dd0ccda4ea4a57c5e91563c85
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/security/advisories/GHSA-qpjc-w5mm-73mj
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-66297

      Source identifier: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db

    2 NVD translations into other languages are hidden.

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