Vitest: Arbitrary file can be read and executed when Vitest UI server is listening (CVE-2026-47429)
Published Last modified Sources: CVE.org, OSV, Red Hat
What is affected, what to do
Vitest is a testing framework powered by Vite. Prior to 3.2.5 and 4.1.0, the Vitest UI/API server on Windows used isFileServingAllowed incorrectly for /__vitest_attachment__, allowing \\?\\..\\ path traversal to read files outside the project; exposed API write and rerun features such as saveTestFile and rerun could also allow arbitrary script execution.
An exploit is publicly available. Update Vitest to version 3.2.5.
- Affected
- Vitest
gte 4.0.0, < 4.1.0..* - Vitest
lt *..3.2.5
- Vitest
- Fixed in
- Vitest
3.2.5
- Vitest
Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability
Metrics
9.8
Priority
XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.
Source: Vendor (CNA), CVSS v3
5.9
CVSS v3
Severity Medium on the scale from 0 to 10.
Source: CVE.org, OSV, Red Hat
0.9 %
EPSS score
Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 58.9
Show all metrics
- Severity
- Critical
Priority (0–325)
The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?
Read in glossary- 77.97 Methodology
Exploit maturity
An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.
Read in glossary- PoC (publicly reported)
XIEM Effective CVSS
XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.
Read in glossary- 9.8 Methodology
CVSS v3
CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.
Read in glossary- 5.9
EPSS score
The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.
Read in glossary- 0.9 %
- Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
EPSS percentile
The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.
Read in glossary- 58.9
- High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
KEV status
The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.
Read in glossary- —
- Published
- CISA assessment (SSVC)
- Exploitation: proof of concept · automatable · Technical impact: total
- Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 21 July 2026
CWE
CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.
Read in glossary- CWE-22
Detection rules
No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.
Classification under NIS2 and CRA
Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.
NIS2
NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.
Read in glossary- High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
CRA
The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.
Read in glossary- From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
ISO/IEC 27001
ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.
Read in glossary- Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.
Description
Vitest is a testing framework powered by Vite. Prior to 3.2.5 and 4.1.0, the Vitest UI/API server on Windows used isFileServingAllowed incorrectly for /__vitest_attachment__, allowing \\?\\..\\ path traversal to read files outside the project; exposed API write and rerun features such as saveTestFile and rerun could also allow arbitrary script execution. This issue is fixed in versions 3.2.5 and 4.1.0.
Source: NVD (NIST), OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), redhat_csaf, cvelistv5, CVE.org (MITRE)
Affected products
The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.
| Affected versions | Fixed in | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| vitest-dev | vitest |
|
|
| vitest.dev | vitest |
|
|
| npm | vitest |
|
|
Vendors and products
Weakness classes (CWE)
CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Base
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
Entry at MITRE CWE-22
Public exploit references
Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.
| Reference tagged as exploit | github.com (opens in a new tab) | PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified | — |
| Reference tagged as exploit | github.com (opens in a new tab) | PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified | — |
| Reference tagged as exploit | github.com (opens in a new tab) | PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified | — |
| PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec) | cve-lite-on-pi (opens in a new tab)github.com | PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified |
References & sources
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/security/advisories/GHSA-5xrq-8626-4rwpx_refsource_CONFIRM, Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor advisory
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/pull/10445x_refsource_MISC, Exploit, Issue tracking, Patch
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/pull/9350x_refsource_MISC, Exploit, Issue tracking, Patch
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/commit/20e00ef7808de6d330c5e2fda530f686e08f1c…x_refsource_MISC, Patch
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/commit/af88b1f5d82844a4761ea9a977156c98e2b14c…x_refsource_MISC, Patch
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/releases/tag/v3.2.5x_refsource_MISC, Release notes
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/releases/tag/v4.1.0x_refsource_MISC, Release notes
- NVD (NIST)vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47429advisory
- github.comvitest-dev/vitestpackage
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/blob/eb1abf08573032a532015b999ad3501c5e89e3bb…web
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/blob/eb1abf08573032a532015b999ad3501c5e89e3bb…web
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/blob/eb1abf08573032a532015b999ad3501c5e89e3bb…web
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/blob/eb1abf08573032a532015b999ad3501c5e89e3bb…web
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/blob/eb1abf08573032a532015b999ad3501c5e89e3bb…web
- github.comvitest-dev/vitest/blob/eb1abf08573032a532015b999ad3501c5e89e3bb…web
Changes to this CVE
Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).
Initial analysis by NVDNVD
Newly listed as affected:- Vitest (before 3.2.5; 4.0.0 – before 4.1.0)
CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show 10 original changes
Individual changes of this event as published by NVD Type Action Before After CVSS added —AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:NProduct configuration added —OR *cpe:2.3:a:vitest.dev:vitest:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions up to (excluding) 3.2.5 *cpe:2.3:a:vitest.dev:vitest:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions from (including) 4.0.0 up to (excluding) 4.1.0Reference type added —GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/commit/20e00ef7808de6d330c5e2fda530f686e08f1c8d Types: PatchReference type added —GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/commit/af88b1f5d82844a4761ea9a977156c98e2b14ca8 Types: PatchReference type added —GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/pull/10445 Types: Exploit, Issue Tracking, PatchReference type added —GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/pull/9350 Types: Exploit, Issue Tracking, PatchReference type added —GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/releases/tag/v3.2.5 Types: Release NotesReference type added —GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/releases/tag/v4.1.0 Types: Release NotesReference type added —GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/security/advisories/GHSA-5xrq-8626-4rwp Types: Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor AdvisoryReference type added —CISA-ADP: https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/security/advisories/GHSA-5xrq-8626-4rwp Types: Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor AdvisorySource identifier: nvd@nist.gov
Record modifiedCISA ADP
CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: proof of concept, automatable: yes
Show 2 original changes
Individual changes of this event as published by NVD Type Action Before After Reference added —https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/security/advisories/GHSA-5xrq-8626-4rwpSSVC assessment added —{"id":"CVE-2026-47429","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"poc"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-07-21T15:02:06.439415Z"}Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
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Linked advisories
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<a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2026-47429"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2026-47429.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2026-47429 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>