CriticalCVE-2026-44172

    MariaDB: mysql_real_escape_string() incorrectly handled big5 (CVE-2026-44172)

    Published Last modified Sources: Red Hat, Ubuntu, CVE.org, OSV, BSI

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    What is affected, what to do

    A flaw was found in MariaDB server. An application processing non-validated user input, which then uses `mysql_real_escape_string()` and sends data to the database via text protocol with the big5 character set, is vulnerable to SQL injection.

    Update MariaDB to version 11.8.7.

    Affected
    • MariaDB Server eq 3.3.18..3.3.18
    • MariaDB Server eq 3.4.8..3.4.8

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    9.1

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    9.1

    CVSS v3

    Severity Critical on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: Red Hat, Ubuntu, CVE.org, OSV, BSI

    1.0 %

    EPSS score

    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 64.0

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Critical
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    96.88 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    9.1 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    9.1
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    6.9
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    1.0 %
    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    64.0
    High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · automatable · Technical impact: partial
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 12 June 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-89, CWE-89

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    A flaw was found in MariaDB server. An application processing non-validated user input, which then uses `mysql_real_escape_string()` and sends data to the database via text protocol with the big5 character set, is vulnerable to SQL injection. This allows a remote attacker to execute malicious SQL commands, potentially leading to unauthorized data access or modification within the database.

    Source: redhat_csaf, Ubuntu Security Notices, cvelistv5, NVD (NIST), OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), CVE.org (MITRE), BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    MariaDBserver
    • 3.3.18
    • 3.4.8
    • —
    • —
    mariadbmariadb
    • 3.3.18
    • 3.4.8
    • —
    • —
    MariaDBMariaDB
    • < 11.8.7
    • < 10.11.17
    • < 10.6.26
    • < 11.4.11
    • 11.8.7
    • 10.11.17
    • 10.6.26
    • 11.4.11
    Distribution and container packages (1)

    Downstream packages (e.g. Bitnami, Debian, Ubuntu, Red Hat). Versions refer to the distribution, not the vendor.

    Distribution and container packages
    Affected versionsFixed in
    bitnamimysql-client
    • 3.3.18
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Linuxredhatenterprise_linux10.0

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

      Base

      The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-89

    • CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

      Base

      The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-89

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedGitHub

      Show 6 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/MariaDB/server/security/advisories/GHSA-pv9p-5w55-55jm
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/CONC-819
      Referenceremoved
      https://github.com/MariaDB/server/security/advisories/GHSA-pv9p-5w55-55jm
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/CONC-819
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://github.com/MariaDB/server/security/advisories/GHSA-pv9p-5w55-55jm Types: Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/CONC-819 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —

      Source identifier: security-advisories@github.com

    2. Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

      Show 17 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30135
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:43505
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47772
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:68567
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44172
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2488459
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-44172.json
      Referenceremoved
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30135
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:43505
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47772
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44172
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2488459
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-44172.json
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30135 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44172 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2488459 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-44172.json Types: Third Party Advisory
      —

      Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

    3. Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47772
      Affected versions (publisher)changed
      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, Red Hat Hardened Images, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (+11)
      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support, Red Hat Hardened Images (+12)

      Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

    4. Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

      1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)changed
      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, Red Hat Hardened Images, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (+11)
      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, Red Hat Hardened Images, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (+11)

      Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

    5. Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:43505
      Affected versions (publisher)changed
      Red Hat Hardened Images, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (+11)
      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, Red Hat Hardened Images, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (+11)

      Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

    Show 4 older changes

    1. Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30135
      Affected versions (publisher)changed
      Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) (+5)
      Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) (+5)

      Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

    2. Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

      1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)changed
      Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) (+4)
      Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) (+5)

      Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

    3. Initial analysis by NVDNVD

      Newly listed as affected:

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

      Show 4 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:mariadb:mariadb:3.3.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:mariadb:mariadb:3.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
      Reference typeadded
      —
      GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/MariaDB/server/security/advisories/GHSA-pv9p-5w55-55jm Types: Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      GitHub, Inc.: https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/CONC-819 Types: Third Party Advisory

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

    4. ReceivedGitHub

      CVSS V4.0: AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

      Weakness type: CWE-89

      Description added or changed

      Show 5 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionadded
      —
      MariaDB server is a community developed fork of MySQL server. In versions 3.3.18 and 3.4.8, an application that was taking non-validated user input, escaping it with mysql_real_escape_string() and sending it to the database using text protocol and big5 character set was vulnerable to SQL injections, even though mysql_real_escape_string() was supposed to prevent them. This issue has been patched in versions 3.3.19 and 3.4.9.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-89
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/MariaDB/server/security/advisories/GHSA-pv9p-5w55-55jm
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/CONC-819

      Source identifier: security-advisories@github.com

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