HighCVE-2026-40192

Pillow is vulnerable to a FITS GZIP decompression bomb (CVE-2026-40192)

Published 15.04.2026Last modified 26.10.2026Sources: Red Hat, BSI, CVE.org, OSV, Debian

What is affected, what to do

A flaw was found in Pillow, a Python imaging library. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to trigger a denial of service (DoS) by providing a specially crafted FITS image file.

Update pillow to version 12.2.0.

Affected: Python-pillow Pillow gte 10.3.0, < 12.2.0..*

Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

Metrics

8.7

Priority

XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

Source: NVD, CVSS v4

7.5

CVSS v3

Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

Source: Red Hat, BSI, CVE.org, OSV, Debian

0.7 %

EPSS score

Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 52.1

Show all metrics

Severity: High
Priority (0–325) The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first? Read in glossary: 81.26 Methodology
Exploit maturity An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack. Read in glossary: no public PoC known
XIEM Effective CVSS XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command. Read in glossary: 8.7 Methodology
CVSS v3 CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions. Read in glossary: 7.5
CVSS v4 CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions. Read in glossary: 8.7
EPSS score The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“. Read in glossary: 0.7 %; Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
EPSS percentile The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking. Read in glossary: 52.1; High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
KEV status The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching. Read in glossary: —
Published: 15.04.2026
CISA assessment (SSVC): Exploitation: none known · automatable · Technical impact: partial; Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 16 April 2026
CWE CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect. Read in glossary: CWE-400, CWE-770, CWE-409

Detection rules

No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

Classification under NIS2 and CRA

Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

NIS2 NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management. Read in glossary: High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
CRA The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates. Read in glossary: From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
ISO/IEC 27001 ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security. Read in glossary: Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

Description

A flaw was found in Pillow, a Python imaging library. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to trigger a denial of service (DoS) by providing a specially crafted FITS image file. The library's failure to limit the amount of GZIP-compressed data during decoding can lead to unbounded memory consumption, causing the system to crash or experience severe performance issues.

Source: redhat_csaf, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, NVD (NIST), OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), CVE.org (MITRE), cvelistv5, Debian Security Advisories

Affected products

The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

Affected products
		Affected versions	Fixed in
python-pillow	Pillow	`≥ 10.3.0, < 12.2.0`	—
python	pillow	`10.3.0 – < 12.2.0`	`12.2.0`
Oracle	Solaris	`<11.3 ESU 36.36` `<11.4 SRU 94`	— —
Red Hat	Satellite	`6.18.7 Async Update` `6.17.9 Async Update`	— —
pypi	pillow	`11.1.0` `12.1.0` `11.2.1` `10.3.0` `12.1.1` `12.0.0` `10.4.0` `11.0.0` `11.3.0`	— — — — — — — — —

Vendors and products

Affected operating systems

Affected operating systems

Linux	debian	pillow	`trixie`

Weakness classes (CWE)

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Class
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
Entry at MITRE CWE-400
CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Base
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
Entry at MITRE CWE-770
CWE-409Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Base
The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.
Entry at MITRE CWE-409

References & sources

access.redhat.comsecurity/cve/CVE-2026-40192web, Vulnerability database, x_refsource_REDHAT
security.access.redhat.comdata/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-40192.jsonweb, x_sadp-csaf-vex
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:16008advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:16009advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:16030advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:16174advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:17609advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:17611advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:19375advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:19712advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:21017advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:22465advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:22629advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:22840advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:23361advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:24761advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:24762advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:24853advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:24866advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:24977advisory, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT

Changes to this CVE

Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

10.09.2026Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

Show the original change

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/40xxx/CVE-2026-40192.json">CVE-2026-40192</a>

Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

09.09.2026Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

New references:

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:65126

Show 2 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/40xxx/CVE-2026-40192.json">CVE-2026-40192</a>
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:65126

Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

07.09.2026Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

Show the original change

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/40xxx/CVE-2026-40192.json">CVE-2026-40192</a>

Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

01.09.2026Record modifiedGitHub

New references:

Show 12 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/3cb854e8b2bab43f40e342e665f9340d861aa628
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9521
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-whj4-6x5x-4v2j
Reference	added	—	https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/12.2.0.html#prevent-fits-decompression-bomb
Reference	removed	https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/3cb854e8b2bab43f40e342e665f9340d861aa628	—
Reference	removed	https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9521	—
Reference	removed	https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-whj4-6x5x-4v2j	—
Reference	removed	https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/12.2.0.html#prevent-fits-decompression-bomb	—
Reference type	removed	https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/3cb854e8b2bab43f40e342e665f9340d861aa628 Types: Patch	—
Reference type	removed	https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9521 Types: Issue Tracking, Patch	—
Reference type	removed	https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-whj4-6x5x-4v2j Types: Mitigation, Patch, Vendor Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/12.2.0.html#prevent-fits-decompression-bomb Types: Release Notes	—

Source identifier: security-advisories@github.com

01.09.2026Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

New references:

and 8 more references

Show 57 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16008
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16009
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16030
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16174
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:17609
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:17611
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19375
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19712
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21017
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22465
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22629
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22840
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23361
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24761
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24762
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24853
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24866
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24977
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:27076
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34365
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34366
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34368
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37275
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57387
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:61627
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:61628
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:61629
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-40192
Reference	added	—	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2458856
Reference	added	—	https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-40192.json
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16008	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16009	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16030	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16174	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:17609	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:17611	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19375	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19712	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21017	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22465	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22629	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22840	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23361	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24761	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24762	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24853	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24866	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24977	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:27076	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34365	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34366	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34368	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37275	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57387	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-40192	—
Reference	removed	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2458856	—
Reference	removed	https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-40192.json	—

Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

Show 2 older changes

21.08.2026Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

New references:

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57387

Show 2 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57387
Affected versions (publisher)	changed	Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9 (+67)	Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9 (+68)

Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

20.07.2026Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

Show the original change

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	changed	Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9 (+67)	Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9 (+67)

Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

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<a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2026-40192"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2026-40192.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2026-40192 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>