HighCVE-2026-32597

PyJWT accepts unknown `crit` header extensions (RFC 7515 §4.1.11 MUST violation) (CVE-2026-32597)

Published 12.03.2026Last modified 10.09.2026Sources: Red Hat, BSI, Debian LTS, Msrc Update Guide, OSV, CVE.org, EUVD, Debian

What is affected, what to do

A missing verification step has been discovered in PyJWT. PyJWT does not validate the crit (Critical) Header Parameter defined in RFC 7515 §4.1.11.

Update Jpadilla Pyjwt to version 2.12.0.

Affected: Jpadilla Pyjwt lt *..2.12.0
Fixed in: Jpadilla Pyjwt 2.12.0

Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

Metrics

7.5

Priority

XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

Source: NVD, CVSS v3

7.5

CVSS v3

Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

Source: Red Hat, BSI, Debian LTS, Msrc Update Guide, OSV, CVE.org, EUVD, Debian

0.3 %

EPSS score

Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 20.4

Show all metrics

Severity: High
Priority (0–325) The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first? Read in glossary: 55.81 Methodology
Exploit maturity An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack. Read in glossary: no public PoC known
XIEM Effective CVSS XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command. Read in glossary: 7.5 Methodology
CVSS v3 CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions. Read in glossary: 7.5
EPSS score The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“. Read in glossary: 0.3 %; Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
EPSS percentile The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking. Read in glossary: 20.4; Elevated — this CVE ranks above at least 10% of all CVEs scored today.
KEV status The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching. Read in glossary: —
Published: 12.03.2026
CISA assessment (SSVC): Exploitation: proof of concept · automatable · Technical impact: partial; Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 13 March 2026
CWE CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect. Read in glossary: CWE-345, CWE-863

Detection rules

No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

Classification under NIS2 and CRA

Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

NIS2 NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management. Read in glossary: High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
CRA The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates. Read in glossary: From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
ISO/IEC 27001 ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security. Read in glossary: Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

Description

A missing verification step has been discovered in PyJWT. PyJWT does not validate the crit (Critical) Header Parameter defined in RFC 7515 §4.1.11. When a JWS token contains a crit array listing extensions that PyJWT does not understand, the library accepts the token instead of rejecting it. This violates the MUST requirement in the RFC.

Source: redhat_csaf, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, Debian LTS Advisories, Microsoft Security Update Guide, OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), cvelistv5, NVD (NIST), CVE.org (MITRE), ENISA EUVD, Debian Security Advisories

Affected products

The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

Affected products
		Affected versions	Fixed in
jpadilla	pyjwt	`< 2.12.0`	`2.12.0`
pyjwt_project	pyjwt	`< 2.12.0`	`2.12.0`
IBM	Concert	`< 3.0.0`	`3.0.0`
Red Hat	Enterprise Linux	`PyJWT`	—
Splunk	SOAR	`< 8.6.0`	`8.6.0`
pypi	pyjwt	`1.5.1` `1.6.0` `2.8.0` `0.4.0` `2.10.0` `2.2.0` `2.3.0` `1.3.0` `0.1.6` `1.6.1` `0.1.2` `2.0.0a2` `2.0.1` `1.6.4` `2.0.0` `0.2.0` `1.6.3` `0.1.7` `1.5.0` `1.4.0` `1.4.1` `0.2.1` `2.0.0a1` `1.1.0` `0.2.3` `0.1.5` `0.1.1` `0.1.4` `0.4.2` `0.1.3` `2.4.0` `0.3.0` `1.7.0` `1.0.0` `0.4.1` `2.11.0` `2.7.0` `1.5.2` `2.9.0` `1.7.1` `2.6.0` `1.5.3` `2.10.1`	— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Vendors and products

Affected operating systems

Affected operating systems

Linux	debian	pyjwt	`bookworm`
Linux	debian	pyjwt	`bullseye`
Linux	debian	pyjwt	`trixie`

Weakness classes (CWE)

CWE-345Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Class
The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
Entry at MITRE CWE-345
CWE-863Incorrect Authorization
Class
The product performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check.
Entry at MITRE CWE-863

References & sources

lists.debian.orgdebian-lts-announce/2026/05/msg00008.htmlweb
github.comjpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9fevidence, x_refsource_CONFIRM
access.redhat.comsecurity/cve/CVE-2026-32597Vulnerability database, x_refsource_REDHAT
bugzilla.redhat.comRHBZ#2447194Issue tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT
security.access.redhat.comdata/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-32597.jsonx_sadp-csaf-vex
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:13512Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:13508Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:17083Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:13916Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:19138Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:12176Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:22330Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:21517Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:21431Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:13672Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:19355Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:8748Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:8746Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:8747Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:13553Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT

Changes to this CVE

Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

10.09.2026Record modifiedGitHub

New references:

https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f

Show 3 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f
Reference	removed	https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f	—
Reference type	removed	https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f Types: Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory	—

Source identifier: security-advisories@github.com

10.09.2026Record modifiedCISA ADP

New references:

https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f

Show 3 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f
Reference	removed	https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f	—
Reference type	removed	https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f Types: Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory	—

Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

10.09.2026Record modifiedCVE Program

New references:

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/05/msg00008.html

Show 2 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/05/msg00008.html
Reference	removed	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/05/msg00008.html	—

Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

10.09.2026Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

New references:

and 8 more references

Show 67 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/32xxx/CVE-2026-32597.json">CVE-2026-32597</a>
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10140
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10141
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10184
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12176
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13508
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13512
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13545
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13553
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13672
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13916
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:17083
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19138
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19355
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19375
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19712
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21431
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21517
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22330
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24977
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26226
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37275
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42644
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6568
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6720
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6912
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6926
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8437
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8746
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8747
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8748
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-32597
Reference	added	—	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447194
Reference	added	—	https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-32597.json
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10140	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10141	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10184	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12176	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13508	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13512	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13545	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13553	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13672	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13916	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:17083	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19138	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19355	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19375	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19712	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21431	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21517	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22330	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24977	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26226	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37275	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42644	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6568	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6720	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6912	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6926	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8437	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8746	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8747	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8748	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-32597	—
Reference	removed	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447194	—
Reference	removed	https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-32597.json	—

Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

22.07.2026Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

New references:

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42644

Show 2 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42644
Affected versions (publisher)	changed	Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9 (+79)	Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9 (+79)

Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

Show one older change

20.07.2026Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

Show the original change

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	changed	Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9 (+79)	Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9 (+79)

Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

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<a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2026-32597"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2026-32597.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2026-32597 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>