HighCVE-2026-31698

    Linux Kernel: Out-of-Bounds Access (CVE-2026-31698)

    Published Last modified Sources: SUSE, Debian LTS, Ubuntu, Siemens ProductCERT, BSI, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, EUVD

    What is affected, what to do

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: ccp: Don't attempt to copy PDH cert to userspace if PSP command failed When retrieving the PDH cert, don't attempt to copy the blobs to userspace if the firmware command failed. If the failure was due to an invalid length, i.e. the userspace buffer+length was too small, copying the number of bytes _firmware_ requires will overflow the kernel-allocated buffer and leak data to userspace.

    Update Linux Kernel to version 5.10.258, Linux Kernel to version 5.15.209, Linux Kernel to version 6.1.175.

    Affected
    • Linux Kernel lt 4.16..5.10.258
    • Linux Kernel lt 5.11..5.15.209
    • Linux Kernel lt 5.16..6.1.175
    • Linux Kernel lt 6.2..6.6.136
    • Linux Kernel lt 6.7..6.12.84
    • Linux Kernel lt 6.13..6.18.25
    • Linux Kernel lt 6.19..7.0.2
    Fixed in
    • Linux Kernel 5.10.258
    • Linux Kernel 5.15.209
    • Linux Kernel 6.1.175
    • Linux Kernel 6.6.136
    • Linux Kernel 6.12.84
    • Linux Kernel 6.18.25
    • Linux Kernel 7.0.2
    • Linux Kernel 7.1

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    7.1

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    7.1

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: SUSE, Debian LTS, Ubuntu, Siemens ProductCERT, BSI, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, EUVD

    0.1 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 2.7

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    52.44 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    7.1 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    7.1
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    0.1 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    2.7
    Low — this CVE sits in the lower 10% of all CVEs scored today.
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: partial
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 16 October 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-125

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: ccp: Don't attempt to copy PDH cert to userspace if PSP command failed When retrieving the PDH cert, don't attempt to copy the blobs to userspace if the firmware command failed. If the failure was due to an invalid length, i.e. the userspace buffer+length was too small, copying the number of bytes _firmware_ requires will overflow the kernel-allocated buffer and leak data to userspace. BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in instrument_copy_to_user ../include/linux/instrumented.h:129 [inline] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in _inline_copy_to_user ../include/linux/uaccess.h:205 [inline] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in _copy_to_user+0x66/0xa0 ../lib/usercopy.c:26 Read of size 2084 at addr ffff8885c4ab8aa0 by task syz.0.186/21033 CPU: 51 UID: 0 PID: 21033 Comm: syz.0.186 Tainted: G U O 7.0.0-smp-DEV #28 PREEMPTLAZY Tainted: [U]=USER, [O]=OOT_MODULE Hardware name: Google, Inc. Arcadia_IT_80/Arcadia_IT_80, BIOS 34.84.12-0 11/17/2025 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0xc5/0x110 ../lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description ../mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline] print_report+0xbc/0x260 ../mm/kasan/report.c:482 kasan_report+0xa2/0xe0 ../mm/kasan/report.c:595 check_region_inline ../mm/kasan/generic.c:-1 [inline] kasan_check_range+0x264/0x2c0 ../mm/kasan/generic.c:200 instrument_copy_to_user ../include/linux/instrumented.h:129 [inline] _inline_copy_to_user ../include/linux/uaccess.h:205 [inline] _copy_to_user+0x66/0xa0 ../lib/usercopy.c:26 copy_to_user ../include/linux/uaccess.h:236 [inline] sev_ioctl_do_pdh_export+0x3d3/0x7c0 ../drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c:2347 sev_ioctl+0x2a2/0x490 ../drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c:2568 vfs_ioctl ../fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline] __do_sys_ioctl ../fs/ioctl.c:597 [inline] __se_sys_ioctl+0x11d/0x1b0 ../fs/ioctl.c:583 do_syscall_x64 ../arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xe0/0x800 ../arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e </TASK> WARN if the driver says the command succeeded, but the firmware error code says otherwise, as __sev_do_cmd_locked() is expected to return -EIO on any firwmware error.

    Source: suse_csaf, Debian LTS Advisories, Ubuntu Security Notices, siemens_advisory, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, cvelistv5, NVD (NIST), Microsoft Security Update Guide, ENISA EUVD, CVE.org (MITRE)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    LinuxLinux
    • 5.16 – < 6.1.175
    • 6.2 – < 6.6.136
    • 6.13 – < 6.18.25
    • 6.7 – < 6.12.84
    • 5.11 – < 5.15.209
    • —
    • 6.19 – < 7.0.2
    • 4.16 – < 5.10.258
    • 6.1.175
    • 6.6.136
    • 6.18.25
    • 6.12.84
    • 5.15.209
    • 7.1
    • 7.0.2
    • 5.10.258
    MicrosoftAzure Linux
    • azl3
    • —
    SiemensSIMATIC S7
    • 1500 TM MFP V1.1.1 GNU/Linux subsystem
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Linuxdebianlinuxbookworm
    Linuxdebianlinuxbullseye
    Linuxdebianlinux-6.1bullseye
    Linuxlinuxlinux_kernel7.1
    Linuxlinuxlinux_kernel—

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read

      Base

      The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-125

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      Weakness type: CWE-125

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-125

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    2. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-31698","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-16T15:12:37.237347Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    3. Record modifiedLinux

      Show 21 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/051e51aa55fd4cdc3e8283cf4476aeeb5f563274
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/25d9b3446001185484209cf57951f3368462b631
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50808c13452dae43a2c90b1bbbf9daa16501ce70
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78b97e43d0b3e674d9d49ae56937b11e2ba3fcaf
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/854d7846e1d29f32f1bbeb2e869e794df12067f6
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/af67d35da744b6b678c7a0296d9c679658779829
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5c14bd4da1f376f385722fe1da993f1edab6472
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e76239fed3cffd6d304d8ca3ce23984fd24f57d3
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/051e51aa55fd4cdc3e8283cf4476aeeb5f563274
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/25d9b3446001185484209cf57951f3368462b631
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50808c13452dae43a2c90b1bbbf9daa16501ce70
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78b97e43d0b3e674d9d49ae56937b11e2ba3fcaf
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/854d7846e1d29f32f1bbeb2e869e794df12067f6
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/af67d35da744b6b678c7a0296d9c679658779829
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5c14bd4da1f376f385722fe1da993f1edab6472
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e76239fed3cffd6d304d8ca3ce23984fd24f57d3
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/051e51aa55fd4cdc3e8283cf4476aeeb5f563274 Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50808c13452dae43a2c90b1bbbf9daa16501ce70 Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78b97e43d0b3e674d9d49ae56937b11e2ba3fcaf Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5c14bd4da1f376f385722fe1da993f1edab6472 Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e76239fed3cffd6d304d8ca3ce23984fd24f57d3 Types: Patch
      —

      Source identifier: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

    4. Record modifiedSiemens ADP

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/31xxx/CVE-2026-31698.json">CVE-2026-31698</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html

      Source identifier: 0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e

    Embed badge

    Show the severity and KEV status of this vulnerability on your site – with a link back here. The image is updated hourly.

    Badge preview for CVE-2026-31698
    <a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2026-31698"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2026-31698.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2026-31698 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>