MediumCVE-2026-16454

    Privilege Escalation in Eclipse hawkBit DDI allows Tenant-Isolated Firmware Exfiltration (CVE-2026-16454)

    Published Last modified Sources: Hersteller, CVE.org

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    What is affected, what to do

    Update hawkbit to version 1.0.4, org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-ddi-resource to version 1.0.4.

    Affected
    • Eclipse Foundation Eclipse-hawkbit/hawkbit lte *..1.0.3

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    4.3

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    4.3

    CVSS v3

    Severity Medium on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: Hersteller, CVE.org

    0.4 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 29.6

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Medium
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    48.99 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    4.3 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    4.3
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

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    0.4 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    29.6
    Elevated — this CVE ranks above at least 10% of all CVEs scored today.
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: partial
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 22 July 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-284, CWE-862

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    Handle the vulnerability in regular vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    Description

    A privilege escalation vulnerability has been identified in the Direct Device Integration (DDI) Controller of Eclipse hawkBit (versions 1.0.3 and prior).

    This vulnerability allows an authenticated device to escalate its permissions and bypass the strict boundaries of its assigned updates. Under normal operation, a device should be restricted strictly to the specific firmware artifacts explicitly assigned to it. However, this flaw enables any authenticated device to bypass this restriction and download any firmware artifact within the same tenant.

    This is not an authentication bypass; the requesting device must possess valid credentials for its respective tenant. Instead, the issue stems from a flaw in object-level authorization validation.

    A related, lower-severity helper issue exists in the listing software modules artifacts metadata endpoint. This endpoint does not enforce assignment checks, enabling an authenticated device to list and enumerate available firmware artifacts, which can facilitate targeted exfiltration using the main download authorization bypass.

    Impact

    • Severity: Moderate
    • Scope: Tenant-isolated. An attacker must be an authenticated device within the target tenant to exploit this vulnerability.
    • Confidentiality Impact: Low. While firmware binaries can be retrieved, the impact is mitigated because access is restricted strictly to the scope of the pre-authenticated tenant, and no administrative or cross-tenant data is exposed. Additionally, production firmware binaries are by design not expected to contain highly sensitive or confidential data (such as hardcoded credentials or private keys), further supporting the Low confidentiality rating.

    Affected Products and Versions

    • Product: eclipse-hawkbit/hawkbit
    • Affected Component: hawkbit-ddi/hawkbit-ddi-resource, as well as the compiled binaries and Docker images that contain this component.
    • Affected Versions: 1.0.3 and prior versions.
    • Patched Version: 1.0.4

    Remediation

    Upgrade to version 1.0.4 or later.

    Fix details: The download authorization logic has been corrected to ensure that assignment-based verification is executed on every artifact download request. Additionally, the software module metadata endpoint has been updated to enforce proper authorization, restricting access exclusively to software modules and artifacts that are explicitly assigned to or already installed on the requesting device.

    Credits

    Eclipse would like to thank Santosh Kumar Puppala (GitHub: Santoshkumarpuppala, Email: santhoshkumar7794@gmail.com) for discovering and reporting this vulnerability through coordinated disclosure.

    Source: GitHub Security Advisories, NVD (NIST), cvelistv5

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    Eclipse Foundationeclipse-hawkbit/hawkbit
    • ≤ 1.0.3
    • —
    eclipsehawkbit
    • < 1.0.4
    • 1.0.4
    mavenorg.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-ddi-resource
    • <= 1.0.3
    • 1.0.4

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-284Improper Access Control

      Pillar

      The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-284

    • CWE-862Missing Authorization

      Class

      The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-862

    References & sources

    • github.comeclipse-hawkbit/hawkbit/security/advisories/GHSA-92r3-p8c2-3fpxVendor advisory
    • gitlab.eclipse.orgsecurity/cve-assignment/-/work_items/196Broken link

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Initial analysis by NVDNVD

      Newly listed as affected:
      Show 3 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:eclipse:hawkbit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.0.4
      Reference typeadded
      —
      Eclipse Foundation: https://github.com/eclipse-hawkbit/hawkbit/security/advisories/GHSA-92r3-p8c2-3fpx Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      Eclipse Foundation: https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignment/-/work_items/196 Types: Broken Link

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

    2. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-16454","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-07-22T18:58:35.078377Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    3. ReceivedEclipse

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

      Weakness type: CWE-284, CWE-862

      Description added or changed

      Show 7 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      eclipse-hawkbit/hawkbit
      Descriptionadded
      —
      In Eclipse hawkBit versions 1.0.3 and prior, a privilege escalation vulnerability (CWE-284 / CWE-862) has been identified in the Direct Device Integration (DDI) Controller. This vulnerability allows an authenticated device to escalate its permissions and bypass the strict boundaries of its assigned updates. Under normal operation, a device should be restricted strictly to the specific firmware artifacts explicitly assigned to it. However, this flaw enables any authenticated device to bypass this restriction and download any firmware artifact within the same tenant. This is not an authentication bypass; the requesting device must possess valid credentials for its respective tenant. Instead, the issue stems from a flaw in object-level authorization validation. A related, lower-severity helper issue exists in the listing software modules artifacts metadata endpoint. This endpoint does not enforce assignment checks, enabling an authenticated device to list and enumerate available firmware artifacts, which can facilitate targeted exfiltration using the main download authorization bypass.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-284
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-862
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/eclipse-hawkbit/hawkbit/security/advisories/GHSA-92r3-p8c2-3fpx
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignment/-/work_items/196

      Source identifier: emo@eclipse.org

    One NVD translation into another language is hidden.

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