HighCVE-2026-12541

Foreman: command injection in foreman-rake database tasks (CVE-2026-12541)

Published 01.10.2026Last modified 08.10.2026Sources: Red Hat, CVE.org, BSI

What is affected, what to do

A flaw was found in Foreman. OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the foreman-rake db:dump and db:import_dump tasks.

Update Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 to version 0:3.12.0.23-1.el8sat, Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 to version 0:3.12.0.23-1.el9sat, Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 to version 0:3.14.0.22-1.el9sat.

Affected: Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 lt *..0:3.12.0.23-1.el8sat
Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:3.12.0.23-1.el9sat
Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:3.14.0.22-1.el9sat
Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:3.16.0.25-1.el9sat
Red Hat Satellite 6.19 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:3.18.0.14-1.el9sat
Fixed in: Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 0:3.12.0.23-1.el8sat
Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 0:3.12.0.23-1.el9sat
Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:3.14.0.22-1.el9sat
Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9 0:3.16.0.25-1.el9sat
Red Hat Satellite 6.19 for RHEL 9 0:3.18.0.14-1.el9sat

Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

Metrics

8.2

Priority

XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

Source: NVD, CVSS v3

8.2

CVSS v3

Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

Source: Red Hat, CVE.org, BSI

1.2 %

EPSS score

Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.

Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 69.1

Show all metrics

Severity: High
Priority (0–325) The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first? Read in glossary: 108.51 Methodology
Exploit maturity An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack. Read in glossary: no public PoC known
XIEM Effective CVSS XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command. Read in glossary: 8.2 Methodology
CVSS v3 CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions. Read in glossary: 8.2
EPSS score The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“. Read in glossary: 1.2 %; Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.
EPSS percentile The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking. Read in glossary: 69.1; High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
KEV status The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching. Read in glossary: —
Published: 01.10.2026
CISA assessment (SSVC): Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: total; Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 1 October 2026
CWE CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect. Read in glossary: CWE-78

Detection rules

No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

Classification under NIS2 and CRA

Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

NIS2 NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management. Read in glossary: High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
CRA The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates. Read in glossary: From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
ISO/IEC 27001 ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security. Read in glossary: Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

Description

A flaw was found in Foreman. OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the foreman-rake db:dump and db:import_dump tasks. The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the destination parameter (during backups) and the file parameter (during imports) before passing them to a Ruby system() call for execution. An attacker with permissions to execute foreman-rake (e.g., via a restricted sudo configuration) can append malicious shell commands to the provided file paths.

Source: redhat_csaf, NVD (NIST), cvelistv5, BSI CSAF, BSI WID Portal

Affected products

The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

Affected products
		Affected versions	Fixed in
Red Hat	Red Hat Satellite 6	`—`	—
Red Hat	Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8	`< 0:3.12.0.23-1.el8sat`	`0:3.12.0.23-1.el8sat`
Red Hat	Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9	`< 0:3.12.0.23-1.el9sat`	`0:3.12.0.23-1.el9sat`
Red Hat	Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9	`< 0:3.14.0.22-1.el9sat`	`0:3.14.0.22-1.el9sat`
Red Hat	Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9	`< 0:3.16.0.25-1.el9sat`	`0:3.16.0.25-1.el9sat`
Red Hat	Red Hat Satellite 6.19 for RHEL 9	`< 0:3.18.0.14-1.el9sat`	`0:3.18.0.14-1.el9sat`
redhat	satellite	`6.18 – < 6.18.10` `6.19 – < 6.19.5` `6.17 – < 6.17.12` `6.16 – < 6.16.4` `6.0`	`6.18.10` `6.19.5` `6.17.12` `6.16.4` —
theforeman	foreman	`—`	—

Vendors and products

Weakness classes (CWE)

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Base
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
Entry at MITRE CWE-78

References & sources

access.redhat.comRHSA-2026:74503Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comsecurity/cve/CVE-2026-12541Vulnerability database, x_refsource_REDHAT
bugzilla.redhat.comRHBZ#2489970Issue tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comRHSA-2026:74504Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comRHSA-2026:74506Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comRHSA-2026:74505Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
openwall.comlists/oss-security/2026/10/07/8

Changes to this CVE

Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

08.10.2026Initial analysis by NVDNVD

Newly listed as affected:

Red Hat Satellite (6.16 – before 6.16.4; 6.17 – before 6.17.12; 6.19 – before 6.19.5; 6.18 – before 6.18.10; 1 individual version)
Katello Foreman

New references:

and 3 more references

Show 14 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Product configuration	added	—	OR cpe:2.3:a:redhat:satellite:6.0:::::::
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:a:redhat:satellite::::::::* versions from (including) 6.16 up to (excluding) 6.16.4 OR cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:a:redhat:satellite::::::::* versions from (including) 6.17 up to (excluding) 6.17.12 OR cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:a:redhat:satellite::::::::* versions from (including) 6.19 up to (excluding) 6.19.5 OR cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	OR cpe:2.3:a:theforeman:foreman:-:::::::
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:a:redhat:satellite::::::::* versions from (including) 6.18 up to (excluding) 6.18.10 OR cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:::::::*
Reference type	added	—	Red Hat, Inc.: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74503 Types: Vendor Advisory
Reference type	added	—	Red Hat, Inc.: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74504 Types: Vendor Advisory
Reference type	added	—	Red Hat, Inc.: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74505 Types: Vendor Advisory
Reference type	added	—	Red Hat, Inc.: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74506 Types: Vendor Advisory
Reference type	added	—	Red Hat, Inc.: https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-12541 Types: Vendor Advisory
Reference type	added	—	CVE: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/07/8 Types: Third Party Advisory
Reference type	added	—	Red Hat, Inc.: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2489970 Types: Issue Tracking, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
Reference type	changed	nvd-ai-agent-0.4.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2489970 Types: Issue Tracking, Vendor Advisory	nvd-ai-agent-0.4.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2489970 Types: Issue Tracking, Issue Tracking, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory, Vendor Advisory

Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

07.10.2026Record modifiedCVE Program
New references:
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/07/8
Show the original change
Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type Action Before After
Reference added
—
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/07/8
Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/07/8

02.10.2026Record modifiedRed Hat

New references:

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74505

Show 2 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/12xxx/CVE-2026-12541.json">CVE-2026-12541</a>
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74505

Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

02.10.2026Record modifiedCISA ADP

CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

Show 2 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
SSVC assessment	removed	{"id":"CVE-2026-12541","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-01T16:34:28.362927Z"}	—
SSVC assessment	added	—	{"id":"CVE-2026-12541","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-01T00:00:00+00:00"}

Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

02.10.2026Record modifiedRed Hat

New references:

Show 3 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/12xxx/CVE-2026-12541.json">CVE-2026-12541</a>
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74504
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74506

Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

Show 2 older changes

01.10.2026ReceivedRed Hat

CVSS V3.1: AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Weakness type: CWE-78

Description added or changed

New references:

Show 7 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Description	added	—	A flaw was found in Foreman. OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the foreman-rake db:dump and db:import_dump tasks. The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the destination parameter (during backups) and the file parameter (during imports) before passing them to a Ruby system() call for execution. An attacker with permissions to execute foreman-rake (e.g., via a restricted sudo configuration) can append malicious shell commands to the provided file paths.
CVSS	added	—	AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness type (CWE)	added	—	CWE-78
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/12xxx/CVE-2026-12541.json">CVE-2026-12541</a>
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74503
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-12541
Reference	added	—	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2489970

Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

01.10.2026Record modifiedCISA ADP

CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

Show the original change

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
SSVC assessment	added	—	{"id":"CVE-2026-12541","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-01T16:34:28.362927Z"}

Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

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<a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2026-12541"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2026-12541.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2026-12541 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>