CriticalCVE-2026-119419

    CakePHP through 5.4.3 SQL Injection via StringExpression and IdentifierExpression Collation (CVE-2026-119419)

    Published Last modified Sources: EUVD, CVE.org

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    What is affected, what to do

    CakePHP through 5.4.3 contains an sql injection vulnerability that allows attackers to inject SQL by supplying unvalidated collation values to StringExpression and IdentifierExpression. Attackers controlling a collation name passed to the constructor or setCollation() can append SQL after the unquoted COLLATE clause, affecting every database driver within the connection's privileges.

    The available sources name no fixed version. Check the vendor guidance in the references below.

    Affected
    • CakePHP lte *..5.4.3

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    9.2

    XIEM Effective CVSS

    Highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: Vendor (CNA), CVSS v4

    8.1

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: EUVD, CVE.org

    0.4 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 34.0

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Critical
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    85.25 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    9.2 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.1
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    9.2
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    0.4 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    34.0
    Elevated — this CVE ranks above at least 10% of all CVEs scored today.
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 4 November 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-89

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    CakePHP through 5.4.3 contains an sql injection vulnerability that allows attackers to inject SQL by supplying unvalidated collation values to StringExpression and IdentifierExpression. Attackers controlling a collation name passed to the constructor or setCollation() can append SQL after the unquoted COLLATE clause, affecting every database driver within the connection's privileges.

    Source: ENISA EUVD, cvelistv5, NVD (NIST)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    cakephpcakephp
    • ≤ 5.4.3
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

      Base

      The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-89

    References & sources

    • abraxaslabs.techresearch/cakephp-collate-sqliThird-party advisory, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephpProduct, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/blob/6f3dd91371ac0698b64024ddb21d57def9fbba91/s…Technical description, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/blob/6f3dd91371ac0698b64024ddb21d57def9fbba91/s…Technical description, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/21951faea40060dcc5cc1da3159056df66816d3cPatch, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/ac07372e6a3045ce2030701a5bc5ed71aa2b4b82Patch, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/ae8c354cf825aeb7090ea4b48ce98142446f3ac9Patch, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/d04d342c3d1e0bac7ce7661bc098902cc412e595Patch, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/pull/19726Patch, Issue tracking, euvd
    • vulncheck.comVulnCheck Advisory: CakePHP through 5.4.3 SQL Injection via StringExpression and IdentifierExpression CollationThird-party advisory, euvd

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-119419","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-11-04T15:04:15.986648Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    2. ReceivedVulnCheck

      CVSS V4.0: AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

      Weakness type: CWE-89

      Description added or changed

      Show 15 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionadded
      —
      CakePHP through 5.4.3 contains an sql injection vulnerability that allows attackers to inject SQL by supplying unvalidated collation values to StringExpression and IdentifierExpression. Attackers controlling a collation name passed to the constructor or setCollation() can append SQL after the unquoted COLLATE clause, affecting every database driver within the connection's privileges.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-89
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/119xxx/CVE-2026-119419.json">CVE-2026-119419</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/cakephp-collate-sqli
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/blob/6f3dd91371ac0698b64024ddb21d57def9fbba91/src/Database/Expression/IdentifierExpression.php#L106
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/blob/6f3dd91371ac0698b64024ddb21d57def9fbba91/src/Database/Expression/StringExpression.php#L77
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/commit/21951faea40060dcc5cc1da3159056df66816d3c
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/commit/ac07372e6a3045ce2030701a5bc5ed71aa2b4b82
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/commit/ae8c354cf825aeb7090ea4b48ce98142446f3ac9
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/commit/d04d342c3d1e0bac7ce7661bc098902cc412e595
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/pull/19726
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/cakephp-through-5.4.3-sql-injection-via-stringexpression-and-identifierexpression-collation

      Source identifier: disclosure@vulncheck.com

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