HighCVE-2025-9230

Out-of-bounds read & write in RFC 3211 KEK Unwrap (CVE-2025-9230)

Published 30.09.2025Last modified 15.10.2026Sources: Red Hat, Siemens ProductCERT, BSI, Ubuntu, SUSE, Debian LTS, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, EUVD, Debian

What is affected, what to do

A flaw was found in the OpenSSL CMS implementation (RFC 3211 KEK Unwrap). This vulnerability allows memory corruption, an application level denial of service, or potential execution of attacker-supplied code via crafted CMS messages using password-based encryption (PWRI).

Update OpenSSL to version 3.5.4, OpenSSL to version 3.4.3, OpenSSL to version 3.3.5.

Affected: OpenSSL lt 3.5.0..3.5.4
OpenSSL lt 3.4.0..3.4.3
OpenSSL lt 3.3.0..3.3.5
OpenSSL lt 3.2.0..3.2.6
OpenSSL lt 3.0.0..3.0.18
OpenSSL lt 1.1.1..1.1.1zd
OpenSSL lt 1.0.2..1.0.2zm
Fixed in: OpenSSL 3.5.4
OpenSSL 3.4.3
OpenSSL 3.3.5
OpenSSL 3.2.6
OpenSSL 3.0.18
OpenSSL 1.1.1zd
OpenSSL 1.0.2zm

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Metrics

7.5

Priority

XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

Source: NVD, CVSS v3

7.5

CVSS v3

Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

Source: Red Hat, Siemens ProductCERT, BSI, Ubuntu, SUSE, Debian LTS, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, EUVD, Debian

1.6 %

EPSS score

Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.

Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 75.1

Show all metrics

Severity: High
Priority (0–325) The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first? Read in glossary: 93.77 Methodology
Exploit maturity An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack. Read in glossary: no public PoC known
XIEM Effective CVSS XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command. Read in glossary: 7.5 Methodology
CVSS v3 CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions. Read in glossary: 7.5
EPSS score The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“. Read in glossary: 1.6 %; Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.
EPSS percentile The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking. Read in glossary: 75.1; High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
KEV status The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching. Read in glossary: —
Published: 30.09.2025
CISA assessment (SSVC): Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: partial; Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 30 September 2025
CWE CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect. Read in glossary: CWE-125, CWE-787

Detection rules

No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

Classification under NIS2 and CRA

Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

NIS2 NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management. Read in glossary: High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
CRA The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates. Read in glossary: From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
ISO/IEC 27001 ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security. Read in glossary: Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

Description

Source: redhat_csaf, siemens_advisory, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, Ubuntu Security Notices, suse_csaf, Debian LTS Advisories, cvelistv5, NVD (NIST), Microsoft Security Update Guide, CVE.org (MITRE), ENISA EUVD, Debian Security Advisories

Affected products

The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

Affected products
		Affected versions	Fixed in
OpenSSL	OpenSSL	`3.3.0 – < 3.3.5` `3.0.0 – < 3.0.18` `3.4.0 – < 3.4.3` `1.0.2 – < 1.0.2zm` `3.5.0 – < 3.5.4` `1.1.1 – < 1.1.1zd` `3.2.0 – < 3.2.6`	`3.3.5` `3.0.18` `3.4.3` `1.0.2zm` `3.5.4` `1.1.1zd` `3.2.6`
Dell	Secure Connect Gateway Appliance	`< 5.32.00.18`	`5.32.00.18`
IBM	AIX	`7.2` `7.3`	— —
IBM	DevOps Code ClearCase	`< 11.0.0.05` `< 10.0.1.05` `< 9.1.0.10`	`11.0.0.05` `10.0.1.05` `9.1.0.10`
IBM	MQ	`Operator` `Container`	— —
IBM	TXSeries	`for multiplatforms`	—
IBM	VIOS	`3.1` `4.1`	— —
IGEL	OS	`< 12.7.4` `< 11.11.100`	`12.7.4` `11.11.100`
Meinberg	LANTIME	`< 7.10.004`	`7.10.004`
Open Source	LibreSSL	`< 4.1.1` `< 4.0.1`	`4.1.1` `4.0.1`
Open Source	OpenSSL	`< 1.0.2zm` `< 1.1.1zd` `< 3.4.3` `< 3.3.5` `< 3.2.6` `< 3.0.18` `< 3.5.4`	`1.0.2zm` `1.1.1zd` `3.4.3` `3.3.5` `3.2.6` `3.0.18` `3.5.4`
Red Hat	OpenShift Container Platform	`< 4.14.62`	`4.14.62`
SolarWinds	Platform	`< 2026.1`	`2026.1`
Splunk	Splunk Enterprise	`< 10.0.3` `Universal Forwarder` `< 9.4.8` `< 9.3.9` `< 10.2.0` `< 9.2.12`	`10.0.3` — `9.4.8` `9.3.9` `10.2.0` `9.2.12`
Xerox	FreeFlow Print Server	`v7` `v2` `<9.0 SP-3 (93.M3.14.86)`	— — —

Vendors and products

Affected operating systems

Affected operating systems

Linux	debian	openssl	`bookworm`
Linux	debian	openssl	`bullseye`
Linux	debian	openssl	`trixie`
Linux	ubuntu	openssl	`bionic`
Linux	ubuntu	openssl	`focal`
Linux	ubuntu	openssl	`jammy`
Linux	ubuntu	openssl	`noble`
Linux	ubuntu	openssl	`plucky`
Linux	ubuntu	openssl	`trusty`
Linux	ubuntu	openssl	`xenial`
Linux	ubuntu	openssl1.0	`bionic`

Weakness classes (CWE)

CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read
Base
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Entry at MITRE CWE-125
CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
Base
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Entry at MITRE CWE-787

References & sources

openssl-library.orgOpenSSL AdvisoryVendor advisory
github.com3.5.4 git commitPatch
github.com3.4.3 git commitPatch
github.com3.3.5 git commitPatch
github.com3.2.6 git commitPatch
github.com3.0.18 git commitPatch
github.openssl.org1.1.1zd git commitPatch
github.openssl.org1.0.2zm git commitPatch
lists.debian.orgdebian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00001.html
openwall.comlists/oss-security/2025/09/30/5
Siemens ProductCERTproductcert/html/ssa-265688.html
Siemens ProductCERTproductcert/html/ssa-082556.html
Siemens ProductCERTproductcert/html/ssa-089022.html
Siemens ProductCERTproductcert/html/ssa-485750.html
Siemens ProductCERTproductcert/html/ssa-032379.html
Siemens ProductCERTproductcert/html/ssa-253495.html
Siemens ProductCERTproductcert/html/ssa-585531.html

Changes to this CVE

Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

15.10.2026Record modifiedSiemens ADP

New references:

and 3 more references

Show 15 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2025/9xxx/CVE-2025-9230.json">CVE-2025-9230</a>
Reference	added	—	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html
Reference	added	—	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html
Reference	added	—	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-089022.html
Reference	added	—	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-253495.html
Reference	added	—	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html
Reference	added	—	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-485750.html
Reference	added	—	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-585531.html
Reference	removed	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html	—
Reference	removed	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html	—
Reference	removed	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-089022.html	—
Reference	removed	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-253495.html	—
Reference	removed	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html	—
Reference	removed	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-485750.html	—
Reference	removed	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-585531.html	—

Source identifier: 0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e

15.10.2026Record modifiedopenssl.org

New references:

and 4 more references

Show 16 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/5965ea5dd6960f36d8b7f74f8eac67a8eb8f2b45
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/9e91358f365dee6c446dcdcdb01c04d2743fd280
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/a79c4ce559c6a3a8fd4109e9f33c1185d5bf2def
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/b5282d677551afda7d20e9c00e09561b547b2dfd
Reference	added	—	https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/bae259a211ada6315dc50900686daaaaaa55f482
Reference	added	—	https://github.openssl.org/openssl/extended-releases/commit/c2b96348bfa662f25f4fabf81958ae822063dae3
Reference	added	—	https://github.openssl.org/openssl/extended-releases/commit/dfbaf161d8dafc1132dd88cd48ad990ed9b4c8ba
Reference	added	—	https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20250930.txt
Reference	removed	https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/5965ea5dd6960f36d8b7f74f8eac67a8eb8f2b45	—
Reference	removed	https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/9e91358f365dee6c446dcdcdb01c04d2743fd280	—
Reference	removed	https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/a79c4ce559c6a3a8fd4109e9f33c1185d5bf2def	—
Reference	removed	https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/b5282d677551afda7d20e9c00e09561b547b2dfd	—
Reference	removed	https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/bae259a211ada6315dc50900686daaaaaa55f482	—
Reference	removed	https://github.openssl.org/openssl/extended-releases/commit/c2b96348bfa662f25f4fabf81958ae822063dae3	—
Reference	removed	https://github.openssl.org/openssl/extended-releases/commit/dfbaf161d8dafc1132dd88cd48ad990ed9b4c8ba	—
Reference	removed	https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20250930.txt	—

Source identifier: openssl-security@openssl.org

15.10.2026Record modifiedCVE Program

New references:

Show 4 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/30/5
Reference	added	—	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00001.html
Reference	removed	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/30/5	—
Reference	removed	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00001.html	—

Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

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