HighCVE-2025-71319

    image-size 2.0.2 Denial of Service via Infinite Loop in JXL/HEIF Parser (CVE-2025-71319)

    Published Last modified Sources: Red Hat, OSV, CVE.org

    What is affected, what to do

    image-size through 2.0.2 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows remote attackers to permanently block the Node.js event loop by supplying a specially crafted image buffer with a zero-valued size field in a recognized box-type. Attackers can trigger an infinite loop in the JXL or HEIF image parsers by providing a crafted image containing a box with a size of zero, causing the offset to never advance and permanently hanging the application.

    Update trusted_artifact_signer to version 1.4.2.

    Affected
    • Image-size lte 1.1.0..1.2.1
    • Image-size lte 2.0.0..2.0.2

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    8.7

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v4

    7.5

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: Red Hat, OSV, CVE.org

    0.7 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 54.1

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    85.56 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    8.7 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    7.5
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.7
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    0.7 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    54.1
    High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: proof of concept · automatable · Technical impact: partial
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 10 June 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-835

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    image-size through 2.0.2 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows remote attackers to permanently block the Node.js event loop by supplying a specially crafted image buffer with a zero-valued size field in a recognized box-type. Attackers can trigger an infinite loop in the JXL or HEIF image parsers by providing a crafted image containing a box with a size of zero, causing the offset to never advance and permanently hanging the application.

    Source: redhat_csaf, OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), cvelistv5, NVD (NIST)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    image-sizeimage-size
    • 1.1.0 – ≤ 1.2.1
    • 2.0.0 – ≤ 2.0.2
    • 2.0.0 – ≤ 2.0.2
    • 1.1.0 – ≤ 1.2.1
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    redhatdiscovery
    • 2.0
    • —
    redhatgatekeeper
    • 3.0
    • —
    redhattrusted_artifact_signer
    • 1.4 – < 1.4.2
    • 1.4.2
    npmimage-size
    • 2.0.0
    • 1.1.0
    • —
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Linuxredhatenterprise_linux8.0

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-835Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')

      Base

      The product contains an iteration or loop with an exit condition that cannot be reached, i.e., an infinite loop.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-835

    References & sources

    • github.comimage-size/image-size/security/advisories/GHSA-m5qc-5hw7-8vg7web
    • NVD (NIST)vuln/detail/CVE-2025-71319advisory
    • github.comimage-size/image-size/commit/8994131c7c3ee8da1699e04700c95e0e68…web
    • github.comimage-size/image-sizepackage
    • joshua.huimage-size-infinite-loop-dos-vulnerabilitiesweb, Technical description, Exploit
    • web.archive.orgweb/20260224152152/https://github.com/image-size/image-size/pul…web, Issue tracking
    • vulncheck.comadvisories/image-size-denial-of-service-via-infinite-loop-in-jx…web, Third-party advisory
    • access.redhat.comsecurity/cve/CVE-2025-71319Vulnerability database, x_refsource_REDHAT
    • bugzilla.redhat.comRHBZ#2487296Issue tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT
    • security.access.redhat.comdata/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-71319.jsonx_sadp-csaf-vex
    • access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:33313Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
    • access.redhat.comerrata/RHSA-2026:37272Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. NVD analysis modifiedNVD

      Newly listed as affected:
      Product mapping changed:
      • Image-size (1.1.0 – through 1.2.1; 2.0.0 – through 2.0.2)
      Show 7 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:redhat:discovery:2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:redhat:gatekeeper:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:redhat:trusted_artifact_signer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 1.4 up to (excluding) 1.4.2
      Product configurationchanged
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:image-size:image-size:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions up to (including) 2.0.2
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:image-size:image-size:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions from (including) 1.1.0 up to (including) 1.2.1 *cpe:2.3:a:image-size:image-size:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions from (including) 2.0.0 up to (including) 2.0.2
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:33313 Types: Third Party Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37272 Types: Third Party Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-71319 Types: Third Party Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2487296 Types: Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-71319.json Types: Third Party Advisory

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

    2. Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

      1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)changed
      Red Hat Discovery 2, Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.4, Gatekeeper 3 (+12)
      Red Hat Discovery 2, Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.4, Gatekeeper 3 (+12)

      Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

    3. Record modifiedRed Hat ADP

      1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)changed
      Red Hat Discovery 2, Gatekeeper 3, Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop (+10)
      Red Hat Discovery 2, Gatekeeper 3, Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop (+10)

      Source identifier: 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c

    4. Initial analysis by NVDNVD

      Newly listed as affected:
      Show 4 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:image-size:image-size:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions up to (including) 2.0.2
      Reference typeadded
      —
      VulnCheck: https://joshua.hu/image-size-infinite-loop-dos-vulnerabilities Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      VulnCheck: https://web.archive.org/web/20260224152152/https://github.com/image-size/image-size/pull/439 Types: Issue Tracking, Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      VulnCheck: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/image-size-denial-of-service-via-infinite-loop-in-jxl-heif-parser Types: Third Party Advisory

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

    5. Record modifiedVulnCheck

      Description added or changed

      Show 6 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionchanged
      image-size 1.1.0 before 1.2.1 and 2.0.0 before 2.0.2 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the findBox function when processing specially crafted images with zero-sized boxes. Remote attackers can cause application hang by supplying malicious JXL, HEIF, or JP2 image files with box size zero, triggering infinite loops during image validation.
      image-size through 2.0.2 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows remote attackers to permanently block the Node.js event loop by supplying a specially crafted image buffer with a zero-valued size field in a recognized box-type. Attackers can trigger an infinite loop in the JXL or HEIF image parsers by providing a crafted image containing a box with a size of zero, causing the offset to never advance and permanently hanging the application.
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://joshua.hu/image-size-infinite-loop-dos-vulnerabilities
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://web.archive.org/web/20260224152152/https://github.com/image-size/image-size/pull/439
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/image-size-denial-of-service-via-infinite-loop-in-jxl-heif-parser
      Referenceremoved
      https://github.com/image-size/image-size/security/advisories/GHSA-m5qc-5hw7-8vg7
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/image-size-denial-of-service-via-infinite-loop-in-findbox-function
      —

      Source identifier: disclosure@vulncheck.com

    One NVD translation into another language is hidden.

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