LIBPNG has an out-of-bounds read in png_image_read_composite (CVE-2025-66293)
Published Last modified Sources: BSI, Red Hat, SUSE, Debian LTS, Debian, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide
What is affected, what to do
LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. Prior to 1.6.52, an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in libpng's simplified API allows reading up to 1012 bytes beyond the png_sRGB_base[512] array when processing valid palette PNG images with partial transparency and gamma correction.
An exploit is publicly available. Update Pnggroup Libpng to version 1.6.52.
- Affected
- Pnggroup Libpng
lt *..1.6.52
- Pnggroup Libpng
- Fixed in
- Pnggroup Libpng
1.6.52
- Pnggroup Libpng
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Metrics
7.1
Priority
XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.
Source: NVD, CVSS v3
7.1
CVSS v3
Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.
Source: BSI, Red Hat, SUSE, Debian LTS, Debian, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide
0.4 %
EPSS score
Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 28.9
Show all metrics
- Severity
- High
Priority (0–325)
The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?
Read in glossary- 54.72 Methodology
Exploit maturity
An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.
Read in glossary- PoC (publicly reported)
XIEM Effective CVSS
XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.
Read in glossary- 7.1 Methodology
CVSS v3
CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.
Read in glossary- 7.1
EPSS score
The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.
Read in glossary- 0.4 %
- Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
EPSS percentile
The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.
Read in glossary- 28.9
- Elevated — this CVE ranks above at least 10% of all CVEs scored today.
KEV status
The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.
Read in glossary- —
- Published
CWE
CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.
Read in glossary- CWE-125
Detection rules
No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.
Classification under NIS2 and CRA
Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.
NIS2
NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.
Read in glossary- High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
CRA
The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.
Read in glossary- From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
ISO/IEC 27001
ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.
Read in glossary- Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.
Description
LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. Prior to 1.6.52, an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in libpng's simplified API allows reading up to 1012 bytes beyond the png_sRGB_base[512] array when processing valid palette PNG images with partial transparency and gamma correction. The PNG files that trigger this vulnerability are valid per the PNG specification; the bug is in libpng's internal state management. Upgrade to libpng 1.6.52 or later.
Source: BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, redhat_csaf, suse_csaf, Debian LTS Advisories, Debian Security Advisories, NVD (NIST), Microsoft Security Update Guide, CVE.org (MITRE), cvelistv5
Affected products
The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.
| Affected versions | Fixed in | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| pnggroup | libpng |
|
|
| libpng | libpng |
|
|
| Dell | NetWorker vProxy |
|
|
| Dell | Secure Connect Gateway |
|
|
| IBM | App Connect Enterprise CD |
|
|
| IBM | App Connect Enterprise LTS |
|
|
| IBM | QRadar SIEM |
|
|
| IBM | Security Verify Access |
|
|
| Meinberg | LANTIME |
|
|
| Microsoft | Azure Linux |
|
|
| Open Source | libpng |
|
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Container Platform |
|
|
| Xerox | FreeFlow Print Server |
|
|
Vendors and products
Affected operating systems
| Linux | debian | libpng1.6 | bookworm |
| Linux | debian | libpng1.6 | bullseye |
| Linux | debian | libpng1.6 | trixie |
Weakness classes (CWE)
CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read
Base
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Entry at MITRE CWE-125
Public exploit references
Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.
| Reference tagged as exploit | github.com (opens in a new tab) | PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified | — |
| Reference tagged as exploit | github.com (opens in a new tab) | PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified | — |
References & sources
- github.compnggroup/libpng/security/advisories/GHSA-9mpm-9pxh-mg4fx_refsource_CONFIRM, Exploit, Vendor advisory
- github.compnggroup/libpng/issues/764x_refsource_MISC, Exploit, Issue tracking, Patch
- github.compnggroup/libpng/commit/788a624d7387a758ffd5c7ab010f1870dea753a1x_refsource_MISC, Patch
- github.compnggroup/libpng/commit/a05a48b756de63e3234ea6b3b938b8f5f862484ax_refsource_MISC, Patch
- openwall.comlists/oss-security/2025/12/03/6Mailing list
- openwall.comlists/oss-security/2025/12/03/7Mailing list
- openwall.comlists/oss-security/2025/12/03/8Mailing list
Changes to this CVE
Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).
One NVD translation into another language is hidden.
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<a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2025-66293"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2025-66293.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2025-66293 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>