CriticalCVE-2025-6558

    Google Chromium ANGLE and GPU Improper Input Validation Vulnerability (CVE-2025-6558)

    Published Last modified In CISA KEV since Sources: Debian LTS, CVE.org, SingCERT, Debian, pwn.watch, Msrc Update Guide, BSI, SUSE

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    What is affected, what to do

    Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE and GPU in Google Chrome prior to 138.0.7204.157 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

    The vulnerability is being actively exploited; treat it as a priority. The available sources name no fixed version. Check the vendor guidance in the references below. Immediate actions, mitigation and detection rules are in the runbook below.

    Conflicting version data — version display is hidden until the data is resolved.

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    8.8

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    8.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: Debian LTS, CVE.org, SingCERT, Debian, pwn.watch, Msrc Update Guide, BSI, SUSE

    10.9 %

    EPSS score

    Elevated — model estimates 10-50% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 95.9

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Critical
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    227.37 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    actively exploitedSource: VulnCheck KEV (opens in a new tab) How we classify
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    8.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.8
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    10.9 %
    Elevated — model estimates 10-50% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    95.9
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    Actively exploited
    Published
    In CISA KEV since

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: active · not automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 22 July 2025
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-20

    Response and mitigation

    Why act now?

    Prioritisation rationale

    This flaw is network-reachable without authentication and needs only a user visiting a crafted page. It delivers a Chromium sandbox escape — the critical second stage of a drive-by exploit chain. Such chains typically appear in targeted watering-hole and spear-phishing operations against executives, diplomats, journalists and key technical staff, and CISA does not flag known ransomware use. Exploitation likelihood is high and virtually every endpoint runs a Chromium browser or an Apple device. NIS2/KRITIS organisations should therefore treat this as critical with a 24-72 h remediation target, putting privileged and externally exposed user groups at the front of the queue.

    1. Runbook step 1

      Immediate response (0-24 h)

      • Update Google Chrome to 138.0.7204.157 or later — push via Google Update/Intune/SCCM and force a relaunch. The vulnerable process stays resident until the browser restarts. Verify the running version via chrome://version or inventory tooling (Defender TVM, Intune Discovered Apps).
      • Patch every other Chromium-based browser (Microsoft Edge, Opera, Brave, Vivaldi). Vendor patches are available — look up the fixed version in each vendor advisory (Edge: Microsoft Security Update Guide entry for CVE-2025-6558). On Debian 11, upgrade the chromium package per the Debian Security Tracker.
      • Raise the Apple fleet to the fixed builds via MDM: iOS/iPadOS 18.6, macOS 15.6, Safari 18.6, visionOS 2.6 and watchOS 11.6. Enforce a minimum-OS compliance policy and block non-compliant devices through Conditional Access.
      • Close the relaunch gap: Enforce RelaunchNotification=2 with a short RelaunchNotificationPeriod (e.g. 4 h) for Chrome and Edge via GPO/Intune.
      • Patch high-value users first — admins, executives, OT engineering workstations and jump hosts. Confirm completion for this group before the general rollout, because these users are the preferred targets of drive-by campaigns.

    2. Runbook step 2

      Mitigation layers

      • Browser configuration: Until patching is verified, set the Disable3DAPIs=true policy. It disables WebGL, the main path into ANGLE. On highly exposed systems, also set HardwareAccelerationModeEnabled=false to shrink the GPU-process attack surface, at a rendering-performance cost.
      • Network / web gateway: Block "Newly Registered Domains", "Uncategorized" and malvertising categories at the SWG or DNS filter. Force Remote Browser Isolation for privileged users.
      • Endpoint hardening: Use WDAC/AppLocker to block execution from %LOCALAPPDATA%, %TEMP% and download folders. Enable the ASR rule "Block executable files from running unless they meet a prevalence, age, or trusted list criterion".
      • IAM / least privilege: Give browsing accounts no local admin rights. Perform admin work only from dedicated PAWs without internet browsers, which caps the blast radius of a successful sandbox escape.
      • Embedded Chromium runtimes: Inventory Electron and CEF applications (Slack, legacy Teams, internal tools). They bundle their own Chromium build, so track vendor updates for each one.
      • Version gating: Use Conditional Access or a zero-trust proxy device-posture check to admit only browsers at 138.0.7204.157 or later to internal web apps.

    3. Runbook step 3

      Detection rules

      • EDR process ancestry (Sysmon EID 1 / MDE): Child processes of the GPU or renderer process are a strong sandbox-escape indicator. KQL: DeviceProcessEvents | where InitiatingProcessFileName in~ ("chrome.exe","msedge.exe","opera.exe") and InitiatingProcessCommandLine has_any ("--type=gpu-process","--type=renderer") and FileName in~ ("cmd.exe","powershell.exe","rundll32.exe","mshta.exe","wscript.exe")
      • File system (Sysmon EID 11): Flag .exe, .dll, .ps1 or .lnk files written by a browser process running --type=gpu-process outside the browser cache, as well as writes to autostart locations. Sigma shape: ParentCommandLine|contains: '--type=gpu-process' + TargetFilename|endswith: ['.exe','.dll']
      • Linux (auditd): Add -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -k chromium_exec. Then hunt for execve events whose ppid resolves to a chromium GPU process and whose exe is /bin/sh, /bin/bash, curl or wget.
      • Crash telemetry: Spikes in Crashpad dumps (Crashpad\reports) or Windows Event ID 1000 with a faulting chrome.exe/msedge.exe GPU process may indicate failed exploit attempts. Correlate them with proxy logs for the last visited URL.
      • Network (Zeek/proxy): Watch for connections to young domains immediately before anomalous process launches. Also flag first-seen outbound beaconing from a freshly spawned non-browser process on a workstation.

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    Actively exploited: treat the vulnerability as a priority in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2. If it is exploited in your environment, check the reporting obligation under Art. 23 (early warning within 24 hours).
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    Since 11.09.2026, manufacturers of affected products with digital elements must report actively exploited vulnerabilities under Art. 14 CRA, with an early warning within 24 hours via ENISA's single reporting platform.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE and GPU in Google Chrome prior to 138.0.7204.157 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

    Source: Debian LTS Advisories, NVD (NIST), CISA KEV Catalog, CVE.org (MITRE), CSA/SingCERT, Debian Security Advisories, pwn.watch, Microsoft Security Update Guide, cvelistv5, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, suse_csaf

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    GoogleChrome
    • < 138.0.7204.157
    • 138.0.7204.157
    applesafari
    • < 18.6
    • 18.6
    googlechrome
    • < 138.0.7204.157
    • 138.0.7204.157
    webkitgtkwebkitgtk
    • < 2.48.5
    • 2.48.5
    wpewebkitwpe_webkit
    • < 2.48.5
    • 2.48.5
    ApplemacOS Sequoia
    • < 15.6
    • 15.6
    ApplemacOS Sonoma
    • < 14.7.7
    • 14.7.7
    ApplemacOS Ventura
    • < 13.7.7
    • 13.7.7
    DellNetWorker Runtime Environment
    • < 17.0.3
    • < 8.0.27
    • 17.0.3
    • 8.0.27
    Open SourceWebKitGTK
    • < 2.48.5
    • < 2.54.0
    • < 2.48.0
    • 2.48.5
    • 2.54.0
    • 2.48.0

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Linuxdebianchromiumbookworm
    Linuxdebiandebian_linux11.0
    Linuxdebianwebkit2gtkbookworm
    Linuxdebianwebkit2gtkbullseye
    Linuxdebianwebkit2gtktrixie
    macOSapplemacos—
    Mobileappleiphone_os—
    Otherappleipados—
    Otherapplevisionos—
    Otherapplewatchos—

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-20Improper Input Validation

      Class

      The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-20

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    CISA KEV CatalogCISA Known Exploited Vulnerability (opens in a new tab)cisa.govactively exploited

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. NVD analysis modifiedNVD

      Product mapping changed:
      Show 3 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Product configurationchanged
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:wpewebkit:wpe_webkit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 2.48.0
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:wpewebkit:wpe_webkit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 2.48.5
      Product configurationchanged
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:webkitgtk:webkitgtk:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 2.48.0
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:webkitgtk:webkitgtk:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 2.48.5
      Reference typeadded
      —
      CVE: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/30/18 Types: Mailing List

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

    2. Record modifiedGoogle Chrome

      Show 6 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_15.html
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://issues.chromium.org/issues/427162086
      Referenceremoved
      https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_15.html
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://issues.chromium.org/issues/427162086
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_15.html Types: Release Notes
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://issues.chromium.org/issues/427162086 Types: Issue Tracking, Permissions Required
      —

      Source identifier: chrome-cve-admin@google.com

    3. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      Show 3 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-6558
      Referenceremoved
      https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-6558
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-6558 Types: US Government Resource
      —

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    4. Record modifiedCVE Program

      Show 22 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Aug/0
      Referenceadded
      —
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/30
      Referenceadded
      —
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/32
      Referenceadded
      —
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/35
      Referenceadded
      —
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/37
      Referenceadded
      —
      http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/02/1
      Referenceadded
      —
      http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/30/18
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00015.html
      Referenceremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Aug/0
      —
      Referenceremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/30
      —
      Referenceremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/32
      —
      Referenceremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/35
      —
      Referenceremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/37
      —
      Referenceremoved
      http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/02/1
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00015.html
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Aug/0 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/30 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/32 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/35 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/37 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/02/1 Types: Mailing List
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00015.html Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
      —

      Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    One NVD translation into another language is hidden.

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