MediumCVE-2025-4598

Systemd-coredump: Signal Handler Race Condition (CVE-2025-4598)

Published 30.05.2025Last modified 31.08.2026Sources: Siemens ProductCERT, Red Hat, BSI, Debian LTS, Debian, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, EUVD

What is affected, what to do

Update Systemd-coredump to version 252.37, Systemd-coredump to version 253.32, Systemd-coredump to version 254.25.

Affected: Systemd-coredump lt *..252.37
Systemd-coredump lt 253.0..253.32
Systemd-coredump lt 254.0..254.25
Systemd-coredump lt 255.0..255.19
Systemd-coredump lt 256.0..256.14
Systemd-coredump lt 257.0..257.6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 lt *..0:257-23.el10
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 lt *..0:252-55.el9_7.7
Red Hat Ceph Storage 7 lt *..7
Red Hat Ceph Storage 8 lt *..8
Red Hat Ceph Storage 8 lt *..1769512383
Red Hat Discovery 2 lt *..1767888970
Red Hat Discovery 2 lt *..1767904573
Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5 lt *..1.5.9-1765201856
Fixed in: Systemd-coredump 252.37
Systemd-coredump 253.32
Systemd-coredump 254.25
Systemd-coredump 255.19
Systemd-coredump 256.14
Systemd-coredump 257.6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 0:257-23.el10
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 0:252-55.el9_7.7
Red Hat Ceph Storage 7 7
Red Hat Ceph Storage 8 8
Red Hat Ceph Storage 8 1769512383
Red Hat Discovery 2 1767888970
Red Hat Discovery 2 1767904573
Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5 1.5.9-1765201856

Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

Metrics

4.7

Priority

XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

Source: NVD, CVSS v3

4.7

CVSS v3

Severity Medium on the scale from 0 to 10.

Source: Siemens ProductCERT, Red Hat, BSI, Debian LTS, Debian, CVE.org, Msrc Update Guide, EUVD

1.3 %

EPSS score

Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.

Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 69.9

Show all metrics

Severity: Medium
Priority (0–325) The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first? Read in glossary: 71.72 Methodology
Exploit maturity An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack. Read in glossary: no public PoC known
XIEM Effective CVSS XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command. Read in glossary: 4.7 Methodology
CVSS v3 CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions. Read in glossary: 4.7
EPSS score The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“. Read in glossary: 1.3 %; Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.
EPSS percentile The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking. Read in glossary: 69.9; High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
KEV status The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching. Read in glossary: —
Published: 30.05.2025
CWE CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect. Read in glossary: CWE-364

Detection rules

No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

Classification under NIS2 and CRA

Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

NIS2 NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management. Read in glossary: Handle the vulnerability in regular vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2.
CRA The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates. Read in glossary: From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
ISO/IEC 27001 ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security. Read in glossary: Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

Description

A vulnerability was found in systemd-coredump. This flaw allows an attacker to force a SUID process to crash and replace it with a non-SUID binary to access the original's privileged process coredump, allowing the attacker to read sensitive data, such as /etc/shadow content, loaded by the original process. A SUID binary or process has a special type of permission, which allows the process to run with the file owner's permissions, regardless of the user executing the binary. This allows the process to access more restricted data than unprivileged users or processes would be able to. An attacker can leverage this flaw by forcing a SUID process to crash and force the Linux kernel to recycle the process PID before systemd-coredump can analyze the /proc/pid/auxv file. If the attacker wins the race condition, they gain access to the original's SUID process coredump file. They can read sensitive content loaded into memory by the original binary, affecting data confidentiality.

Source: siemens_advisory, redhat_csaf, BSI CSAF, BSI WID Portal, Debian LTS Advisories, Debian Security Advisories, cvelistv5, Microsoft Security Update Guide, ENISA EUVD, NVD (NIST), CVE.org (MITRE)

Affected products

The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

Affected products
		Affected versions	Fixed in
—	systemd-coredump	`257.0 – < 257.6` `255.0 – < 255.19` `< 252.37` `256.0 – < 256.14` `253.0 – < 253.32` `254.0 – < 254.25`	`257.6` `255.19` `252.37` `256.14` `253.32` `254.25`
Red Hat	Red Hat Ceph Storage 7	`< 7`	`7`
Red Hat	Red Hat Ceph Storage 8	`< 1769512383` `< 8`	`1769512383` `8`
Red Hat	Red Hat Discovery 2	`< 1767888970` `< 1767904573`	`1767888970` `1767904573`
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10	`< 0:257-23.el10`	`0:257-23.el10`
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7	`—`	—
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8	`—`	—
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9	`< 0:252-55.el9_7.7`	`0:252-55.el9_7.7`
Red Hat	Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5	`< 1.5.9-1765201856`	`1.5.9-1765201856`
Red Hat	Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4	`—`	—
redhat	openshift_container_platform	`4.0`	—
systemd_project	systemd	`253 – < 253.32` `255 – < 255.19` `254 – < 254.25` `< 252.37` `256 – < 256.14` `257 – < 257.6`	`253.32` `255.19` `254.25` `252.37` `256.14` `257.6`
Dell	PowerProtect Data Domain OS	`< 8.3.1.20` `< 8.3.1.30` `< 8.7.0.1` `< 7.13.1.60` `< 7.13.1.70` `< 8.6.0.0` `< 8.7.0.0`	`8.3.1.20` `8.3.1.30` `8.7.0.1` `7.13.1.60` `7.13.1.70` `8.6.0.0` `8.7.0.0`
Dell	Secure Connect Gateway Appliance	`< 5.32.00.18`	`5.32.00.18`
Open Source	systemd	`coredump`	—
Oracle	Communications	`9.3.0` `25.1.100` `24.2.4` `24.3.0` `25.1.101` `15.0.3` `24.2.0` `10.0.0` `9.2.0` `24.2.5` `4.1.0` `5.0.0` `5.1` `15.0.0.0` `23.1.0`	— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Vendors and products

Affected operating systems

Affected operating systems

Linux	debian	debian_linux	`11.0`
Linux	debian	debian_linux	`12.0`
Linux	redhat	enterprise_linux	`10.0`
Linux	redhat	enterprise_linux	`7.0`
Linux	redhat	enterprise_linux	`8.0`
Linux	redhat	enterprise_linux	`9.0`
Linux	oracle	linux	`8`
Linux	oracle	linux	`9`
Linux	linux	linux_kernel	—
Linux	debian	systemd	`bookworm`
Linux	debian	systemd	`bullseye`

Weakness classes (CWE)

CWE-364Signal Handler Race Condition
Base
The product uses a signal handler that introduces a race condition.
Entry at MITRE CWE-364

References & sources

access.redhat.comRHSA-2025:22660Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comRHSA-2025:22868Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comRHSA-2025:23227Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comRHSA-2025:23234Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comRHSA-2026:0414Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comRHSA-2026:1652Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comRHSA-2026:18153Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
access.redhat.comsecurity/cve/CVE-2025-4598Vulnerability database, x_refsource_REDHAT
bugzilla.redhat.comRHBZ#2369242Issue tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT
openwall.comlists/oss-security/2025/05/29/3
openwall.comlists/oss-security/2025/06/05/1
openwall.comlists/oss-security/2025/06/05/3
openwall.comlists/oss-security/2025/08/18/3
blogs.oracle.comlinux/post/analysis-of-cve-2025-4598
ciq.comblog/the-real-danger-of-systemd-coredump-cve-2025-4598
lists.debian.orgdebian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00022.html
seclists.orgfulldisclosure/2025/Jun/9
openwall.comlists/oss-security/2025/08/18/3
Siemens ProductCERTproductcert/html/ssa-082556.html

Changes to this CVE

Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

31.08.2026Record modifiedRed Hat

New references:

and 6 more references

Show 24 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2025/4xxx/CVE-2025-4598.json">CVE-2025-4598</a>
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:22660
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:22868
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23227
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23234
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0414
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1652
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18153
Reference	added	—	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4598
Reference	added	—	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2369242
Reference	added	—	https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/29/3
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:22660	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:22868	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23227	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23234	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0414	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1652	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18153	—
Reference	removed	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4598	—
Reference	removed	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2369242	—
Reference	removed	https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/29/3	—
Reference type	removed	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4598 Types: Vendor Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2369242 Types: Issue Tracking	—
Reference type	removed	https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/29/3 Types: Mailing List	—

Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

31.08.2026Record modifiedCVE Program

New references:

and 4 more references

Show 21 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/9
Reference	added	—	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/05/1
Reference	added	—	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/05/3
Reference	added	—	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/18/3
Reference	added	—	https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/post/analysis-of-cve-2025-4598
Reference	added	—	https://ciq.com/blog/the-real-danger-of-systemd-coredump-cve-2025-4598/
Reference	added	—	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00022.html
Reference	added	—	https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/18/3
Reference	removed	http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/9	—
Reference	removed	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/05/1	—
Reference	removed	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/05/3	—
Reference	removed	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/18/3	—
Reference	removed	https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/post/analysis-of-cve-2025-4598	—
Reference	removed	https://ciq.com/blog/the-real-danger-of-systemd-coredump-cve-2025-4598/	—
Reference	removed	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00022.html	—
Reference	removed	https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/18/3	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/05/1 Types: Mailing List	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/05/3 Types: Mailing List	—
Reference type	removed	https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/post/analysis-of-cve-2025-4598 Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	https://ciq.com/blog/the-real-danger-of-systemd-coredump-cve-2025-4598/ Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/18/3 Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory	—

Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

31.08.2026Record modifiedSiemens ADP

New references:

https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html

Show 2 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html
Reference	removed	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html	—

Source identifier: 0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e

21.08.2026Record modifiedRed Hat

1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

Show the original change

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	changed	…, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 (+15)	…, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 (+15)

Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

30.06.2026Record modifiedRed Hat

1 individual change: Affected versions (publisher)

Show the original change

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	changed	…, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 (+17)	…, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 (+15)

Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

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<a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2025-4598"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2025-4598.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2025-4598 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>