HighCVE-2025-38584

Linux Kernel: Race Condition (CVE-2025-38584)

Published 19.08.2025Last modified 15.10.2026Sources: SUSE, Debian LTS, Debian, Siemens ProductCERT, BSI, CVE.org, EUVD, Msrc Update Guide

What is affected, what to do

Update Linux Kernel to version 5.10.258, Linux Kernel to version 5.15.209, Linux Kernel to version 6.1.175.

Affected: Linux Kernel lt 2.6.34..5.10.258
Linux Kernel lt 5.11..5.15.209
Linux Kernel lt 5.16..6.1.175
Linux Kernel lt 6.2..6.6.140
Linux Kernel lt 6.7..6.12.86
Linux Kernel lt 6.13..6.15.10
Linux Kernel lt 6.16..6.16.1
Fixed in: Linux Kernel 5.10.258
Linux Kernel 5.15.209
Linux Kernel 6.1.175
Linux Kernel 6.6.140
Linux Kernel 6.12.86
Linux Kernel 6.15.10
Linux Kernel 6.16.1
Linux Kernel 6.17

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Metrics

7.8

Priority

XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

Source: NVD, CVSS v3

7.0

CVSS v3

Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

Source: SUSE, Debian LTS, Debian, Siemens ProductCERT, BSI, CVE.org, EUVD, Msrc Update Guide

0.2 %

EPSS score

Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 7.9

Show all metrics

Severity: High
Priority (0–325) The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first? Read in glossary: 45.95 Methodology
Exploit maturity An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack. Read in glossary: no public PoC known
XIEM Effective CVSS XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command. Read in glossary: 7.8 Methodology
CVSS v3 CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions. Read in glossary: 7.0
EPSS score The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“. Read in glossary: 0.2 %; Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
EPSS percentile The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking. Read in glossary: 7.9; Low — this CVE sits in the lower 10% of all CVEs scored today.
KEV status The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching. Read in glossary: —
Published: 19.08.2025
CISA assessment (SSVC): Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: total; Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 15 October 2026

Detection rules

No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

Classification under NIS2 and CRA

Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

NIS2 NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management. Read in glossary: High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
CRA The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates. Read in glossary: From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
ISO/IEC 27001 ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security. Read in glossary: Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: padata: Fix pd UAF once and for all There is a race condition/UAF in padata_reorder that goes back to the initial commit. A reference count is taken at the start of the process in padata_do_parallel, and released at the end in padata_serial_worker. This reference count is (and only is) required for padata_replace to function correctly. If padata_replace is never called then there is no issue. In the function padata_reorder which serves as the core of padata, as soon as padata is added to queue->serial.list, and the associated spin lock released, that padata may be processed and the reference count on pd would go away. Fix this by getting the next padata before the squeue->serial lock is released. In order to make this possible, simplify padata_reorder by only calling it once the next padata arrives.

Source: suse_csaf, Debian LTS Advisories, Debian Security Advisories, siemens_advisory, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, NVD (NIST), CVE.org (MITRE), ENISA EUVD, cvelistv5, Microsoft Security Update Guide

Affected products

The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

Affected products
		Affected versions	Fixed in
Linux	Linux	`5.16 – < 6.1.175` `6.2 – < 6.6.140` `6.16 – < 6.16.1` `5.11 – < 5.15.209` `6.13 – < 6.15.10` `2.6.34 – < 5.10.258` `—` `6.7 – < 6.12.86`	`6.1.175` `6.6.140` `6.16.1` `5.15.209` `6.15.10` `5.10.258` `6.17` `6.12.86`
Siemens	SIMATIC S7	`1500 TM MFP V1.1.1 GNU/Linux subsystem`	—

Vendors and products

Affected operating systems

Affected operating systems

Linux	debian	linux	`bookworm`
Linux	debian	linux	`bullseye`
Linux	debian	linux	`trixie`
Linux	debian	linux-6.1	`bullseye`
Linux	linux	linux_kernel	—

References & sources

git.kernel.orgstable/c/a2048e475e22b13dc3e53d485b7e6e11464ed9a6
git.kernel.orgstable/c/73f132e60857038416540c3599b1de6033d7575a
git.kernel.orgstable/c/609e59193fc6d9dd323f1c6ae1fdd721f1c79680
git.kernel.orgstable/c/a11a12a9880ab37342b73c93cfe1a3ada02ff0db
git.kernel.orgstable/c/f231d5d001ec75f5886c02d496a4c79edc383d45
git.kernel.orgstable/c/dbe3e911a59bda6de96e7cae387ff882c2c177fa
git.kernel.orgstable/c/cdf79bd2e1ecb3cc75631c73d8f4149be6019a52
git.kernel.orgstable/c/71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91
Siemens ProductCERTproductcert/html/ssa-784472.html

Changes to this CVE

Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

15.10.2026Record modifiedCISA ADP

CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

Show the original change

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
SSVC assessment	added	—	{"id":"CVE-2025-38584","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-15T21:51:57.371948Z"}

Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

15.10.2026Record modifiedLinux

New references:

and 4 more references

Show 19 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/609e59193fc6d9dd323f1c6ae1fdd721f1c79680
Reference	added	—	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91
Reference	added	—	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73f132e60857038416540c3599b1de6033d7575a
Reference	added	—	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a11a12a9880ab37342b73c93cfe1a3ada02ff0db
Reference	added	—	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2048e475e22b13dc3e53d485b7e6e11464ed9a6
Reference	added	—	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cdf79bd2e1ecb3cc75631c73d8f4149be6019a52
Reference	added	—	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbe3e911a59bda6de96e7cae387ff882c2c177fa
Reference	added	—	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f231d5d001ec75f5886c02d496a4c79edc383d45
Reference	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/609e59193fc6d9dd323f1c6ae1fdd721f1c79680	—
Reference	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91	—
Reference	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73f132e60857038416540c3599b1de6033d7575a	—
Reference	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a11a12a9880ab37342b73c93cfe1a3ada02ff0db	—
Reference	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2048e475e22b13dc3e53d485b7e6e11464ed9a6	—
Reference	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cdf79bd2e1ecb3cc75631c73d8f4149be6019a52	—
Reference	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbe3e911a59bda6de96e7cae387ff882c2c177fa	—
Reference	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f231d5d001ec75f5886c02d496a4c79edc383d45	—
Reference type	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91 Types: Patch	—
Reference type	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cdf79bd2e1ecb3cc75631c73d8f4149be6019a52 Types: Patch	—
Reference type	removed	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbe3e911a59bda6de96e7cae387ff882c2c177fa Types: Patch	—

Source identifier: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

15.10.2026Record modifiedSiemens ADP

New references:

https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html

Show 2 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Affected versions (publisher)	added	—	New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2025/38xxx/CVE-2025-38584.json">CVE-2025-38584</a>
Reference	added	—	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html

Source identifier: 0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e

30.07.2026Record modifiedLinux
CVSS V3.1: AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show the original change
Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type Action Before After
CVSS added
—
AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source identifier: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
CVSS	added	—	AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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<a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2025-38584"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2025-38584.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2025-38584 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>