MediumCVE-2025-1397

    WSO2 Universal Gateway: Missing Authorization (CVE-2025-1397)

    Published Last modified Sources: CVE.org

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    What is affected, what to do

    When utilizing JWT Bearer or SAML2 Bearer grant types, the system fails to validate the status of the Identity Provider (IDP) before issuing access tokens. This oversight permits tokens to be generated even when the associated IDP has been disabled.

    Update WSO2 Universal Gateway to version 4.5.0.10, WSO2 Traffic Manager to version 4.5.0.10, WSO2 API Manager to version 3.1.0.321.

    Affected
    • WSO2 Universal Gateway lt 4.5.0..4.5.0.10
    • WSO2 Traffic Manager lt 4.5.0..4.5.0.10
    • WSO2 API Manager lt 3.1.0..3.1.0.321
    • WSO2 API Manager lt 3.2.0..3.2.0.414
    • WSO2 API Manager lt 3.2.1..3.2.1.50
    • WSO2 API Manager lt 4.0.0..4.0.0.335
    • WSO2 API Manager lt 4.1.0..4.1.0.211
    • WSO2 API Manager lt 4.2.0..4.2.0.150
    • WSO2 API Manager lt 4.3.0..4.3.0.63
    • WSO2 API Manager lt 4.4.0..4.4.0.26
    • WSO2 API Manager lt 4.5.0..4.5.0.10
    • WSO2 API Control Plane lt 4.5.0..4.5.0.11
    • WSO2 Identity Server lt 5.10.0..5.10.0.346
    • WSO2 Identity Server lt 5.11.0..5.11.0.396
    • WSO2 Identity Server lt 6.0.0..6.0.0.232
    • WSO2 Identity Server lt 6.1.0..6.1.0.224
    • WSO2 Identity Server lt 7.0.0..7.0.0.93
    • WSO2 Open Banking AM lt 2.0.0..2.0.0.370
    • WSO2 Open Banking IAM lt 2.0.0..2.0.0.390
    • WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager lt 5.10.0..5.10.0.339
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 6.4.2..6.4.2.155
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 6.4.111..6.4.111.134
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 6.4.176..6.4.176.25
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 6.4.180..6.4.180.11
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 6.8.0..6.8.0.49
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 6.9.6..6.9.6.22
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 6.11.21..6.11.21.75
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 6.13.16..6.13.16.15
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 6.13.19..6.13.19.9
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 6.13.27..6.13.27.2
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth lt 7.0.26..7.0.26.58
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 lt 1.0.26..1.0.26.6
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 lt 1.0.26..1.0.26.7
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 lt 1.0.31..1.0.31.3
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 lt 1.1.0..1.1.0.2
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 lt 2.0.4..2.0.4.3
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 lt 2.1.1..2.1.1.2
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 lt 2.2.0..2.2.0.3
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 lt 2.2.4..2.2.4.1
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 lt 2.3.1..2.3.1.4
    Fixed in
    • WSO2 Universal Gateway 4.5.0.10
    • WSO2 Traffic Manager 4.5.0.10
    • WSO2 API Manager 3.1.0.321
    • WSO2 API Manager 3.2.0.414
    • WSO2 API Manager 3.2.1.50
    • WSO2 API Manager 4.0.0.335
    • WSO2 API Manager 4.1.0.211
    • WSO2 API Manager 4.2.0.150
    • WSO2 API Manager 4.3.0.63
    • WSO2 API Manager 4.4.0.26
    • WSO2 API Manager 4.5.0.10
    • WSO2 API Control Plane 4.5.0.11
    • WSO2 Identity Server 5.10.0.346
    • WSO2 Identity Server 5.11.0.396
    • WSO2 Identity Server 6.0.0.232
    • WSO2 Identity Server 6.1.0.224
    • WSO2 Identity Server 7.0.0.93
    • WSO2 Open Banking AM 2.0.0.370
    • WSO2 Open Banking IAM 2.0.0.390
    • WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager 5.10.0.339
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 6.4.2.155
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 6.4.111.134
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 6.4.176.25
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 6.4.180.11
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 6.8.0.49
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 6.9.6.22
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 6.11.21.75
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 6.13.16.15
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 6.13.19.9
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 6.13.27.2
    • WSO2 Carbon OAuth 7.0.26.58
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 1.0.26.6
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 1.0.26.7
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 1.0.31.3
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 1.1.0.2
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 2.0.4.3
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 2.1.1.2
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 2.2.0.3
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 2.2.4.1
    • WSO2 JWT Grant Type For OAuth2 2.3.1.4

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    4.8

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: Vendor (CNA), CVSS v3

    4.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity Medium on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: CVE.org

    0.2 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 4.3

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Medium
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    54.15 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    4.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    4.8
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    0.2 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    4.3
    Low — this CVE sits in the lower 10% of all CVEs scored today.
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: partial
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 3 November 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-862

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    Handle the vulnerability in regular vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    When utilizing JWT Bearer or SAML2 Bearer grant types, the system fails to validate the status of the Identity Provider (IDP) before issuing access tokens. This oversight permits tokens to be generated even when the associated IDP has been disabled. A malicious actor could leverage this vulnerability to obtain access tokens by targeting a disabled IDP. This could enable them to bypass intended security controls and potentially access protected resources that should be inaccessible due to the IDP's disabled state.

    Source: cvelistv5, NVD (NIST)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    WSO2JWT Grant Type For OAuth2
    • 2.3.1 – < 2.3.1.4
    • 2.2.4 – < 2.2.4.1
    • 1.0.26 – < 1.0.26.7
    • 1.0.31 – < 1.0.31.3
    • 2.0.4 – < 2.0.4.3
    • 1.0.26 – < 1.0.26.6
    • 2.1.1 – < 2.1.1.2
    • 1.1.0 – < 1.1.0.2
    • 2.2.0 – < 2.2.0.3
    • 2.3.1.4
    • 2.2.4.1
    • 1.0.26.7
    • 1.0.31.3
    • 2.0.4.3
    • 1.0.26.6
    • 2.1.1.2
    • 1.1.0.2
    • 2.2.0.3
    WSO2WSO2 API Control Plane
    • 4.5.0 – < 4.5.0.11
    • 4.5.0.11
    WSO2WSO2 API Manager
    • 4.0.0 – < 4.0.0.335
    • 3.2.1 – < 3.2.1.50
    • 4.3.0 – < 4.3.0.63
    • 4.5.0 – < 4.5.0.10
    • 4.1.0 – < 4.1.0.211
    • 4.2.0 – < 4.2.0.150
    • 3.1.0 – < 3.1.0.321
    • 4.4.0 – < 4.4.0.26
    • 3.2.0 – < 3.2.0.414
    • 4.0.0.335
    • 3.2.1.50
    • 4.3.0.63
    • 4.5.0.10
    • 4.1.0.211
    • 4.2.0.150
    • 3.1.0.321
    • 4.4.0.26
    • 3.2.0.414
    WSO2WSO2 Carbon OAuth
    • 6.4.176 – < 6.4.176.25
    • 7.0.26 – < 7.0.26.58
    • 6.13.16 – < 6.13.16.15
    • 6.4.180 – < 6.4.180.11
    • 6.4.2 – < 6.4.2.155
    • 6.4.111 – < 6.4.111.134
    • 6.11.21 – < 6.11.21.75
    • 6.13.19 – < 6.13.19.9
    • 6.8.0 – < 6.8.0.49
    • 6.13.27 – < 6.13.27.2
    • 6.9.6 – < 6.9.6.22
    • 6.4.176.25
    • 7.0.26.58
    • 6.13.16.15
    • 6.4.180.11
    • 6.4.2.155
    • 6.4.111.134
    • 6.11.21.75
    • 6.13.19.9
    • 6.8.0.49
    • 6.13.27.2
    • 6.9.6.22
    WSO2WSO2 Identity Server
    • 6.1.0 – < 6.1.0.224
    • 7.0.0 – < 7.0.0.93
    • 5.10.0 – < 5.10.0.346
    • 5.11.0 – < 5.11.0.396
    • 6.0.0 – < 6.0.0.232
    • 6.1.0.224
    • 7.0.0.93
    • 5.10.0.346
    • 5.11.0.396
    • 6.0.0.232
    WSO2WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager
    • 5.10.0 – < 5.10.0.339
    • 5.10.0.339
    WSO2WSO2 Open Banking AM
    • 2.0.0 – < 2.0.0.370
    • 2.0.0.370
    WSO2WSO2 Open Banking IAM
    • 2.0.0 – < 2.0.0.390
    • 2.0.0.390
    WSO2WSO2 Traffic Manager
    • 4.5.0 – < 4.5.0.10
    • 4.5.0.10
    WSO2WSO2 Universal Gateway
    • 4.5.0 – < 4.5.0.10
    • 4.5.0.10

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-862Missing Authorization

      Class

      The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-862

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2025-1397","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-11-03T20:03:01.670683Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    2. Receiveded10eef1…

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

      Weakness type: CWE-862

      Description added or changed

      Show 5 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionadded
      —
      When utilizing JWT Bearer or SAML2 Bearer grant types, the system fails to validate the status of the Identity Provider (IDP) before issuing access tokens. This oversight permits tokens to be generated even when the associated IDP has been disabled. A malicious actor could leverage this vulnerability to obtain access tokens by targeting a disabled IDP. This could enable them to bypass intended security controls and potentially access protected resources that should be inaccessible due to the IDP's disabled state.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-862
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2025/1xxx/CVE-2025-1397.json">CVE-2025-1397</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4010/

      Source identifier: ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8

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    <a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2025-1397"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2025-1397.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2025-1397 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>