HighCVE-2024-57849

    Linux Kernel: Use-After-Free (CVE-2024-57849)

    Published Last modified Sources: SUSE, Debian LTS, Red Hat, Ubuntu, BSI, CVE.org, EUVD

    What is affected, what to do

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: s390/cpum_sf: Handle CPU hotplug remove during sampling CPU hotplug remove handling triggers the following function call sequence: CPUHP_AP_PERF_S390_SF_ONLINE --> s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu() ... CPUHP_AP_PERF_ONLINE --> perf_event_exit_cpu() The s390 CPUMF sampling CPU hotplug handler invokes: s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu() +--> cpusf_pmu_setup() +--> setup_pmc_cpu() +--> deallocate_buffers() This function de-allocates all sampling data buffers (SDBs) allocated for that CPU at event initialization.

    Update Linux Kernel to version 5.4.287, Linux Kernel to version 5.10.231, Linux Kernel to version 5.15.174.

    Affected
    • Linux Kernel lt 4.8..5.4.287
    • Linux Kernel lt 5.5..5.10.231
    • Linux Kernel lt 5.11..5.15.174
    • Linux Kernel lt 5.16..6.1.120
    • Linux Kernel lt 6.2..6.6.66
    • Linux Kernel lt 6.7..6.12.5
    Fixed in
    • Linux Kernel 5.4.287
    • Linux Kernel 5.10.231
    • Linux Kernel 5.15.174
    • Linux Kernel 6.1.120
    • Linux Kernel 6.6.66
    • Linux Kernel 6.12.5
    • Linux Kernel 6.13

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    7.8

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    7.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: SUSE, Debian LTS, Red Hat, Ubuntu, BSI, CVE.org, EUVD

    0.2 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 11.0

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    47.44 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    7.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    7.8
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    0.2 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    11.0
    Elevated — this CVE ranks above at least 10% of all CVEs scored today.
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 15 October 2026

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: s390/cpum_sf: Handle CPU hotplug remove during sampling CPU hotplug remove handling triggers the following function call sequence: CPUHP_AP_PERF_S390_SF_ONLINE --> s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu() ... CPUHP_AP_PERF_ONLINE --> perf_event_exit_cpu() The s390 CPUMF sampling CPU hotplug handler invokes: s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu() +--> cpusf_pmu_setup() +--> setup_pmc_cpu() +--> deallocate_buffers() This function de-allocates all sampling data buffers (SDBs) allocated for that CPU at event initialization. It also clears the PMU_F_RESERVED bit. The CPU is gone and can not be sampled. With the event still being active on the removed CPU, the CPU event hotplug support in kernel performance subsystem triggers the following function calls on the removed CPU: perf_event_exit_cpu() +--> perf_event_exit_cpu_context() +--> __perf_event_exit_context() +--> __perf_remove_from_context() +--> event_sched_out() +--> cpumsf_pmu_del() +--> cpumsf_pmu_stop() +--> hw_perf_event_update() to stop and remove the event. During removal of the event, the sampling device driver tries to read out the remaining samples from the sample data buffers (SDBs). But they have already been freed (and may have been re-assigned). This may lead to a use after free situation in which case the samples are most likely invalid. In the best case the memory has not been reassigned and still contains valid data. Remedy this situation and check if the CPU is still in reserved state (bit PMU_F_RESERVED set). In this case the SDBs have not been released an contain valid data. This is always the case when the event is removed (and no CPU hotplug off occured). If the PMU_F_RESERVED bit is not set, the SDB buffers are gone.

    Source: suse_csaf, Debian LTS Advisories, redhat_csaf, Ubuntu Security Notices, BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF, NVD (NIST), CVE.org (MITRE), cvelistv5, ENISA EUVD

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    LinuxLinux
    • 5.5 – < 5.10.231
    • 6.2 – < 6.6.66
    • 5.16 – < 6.1.120
    • 4.8 – < 5.4.287
    • 6.7 – < 6.12.5
    • 5.11 – < 5.15.174
    • —
    • 5.10.231
    • 6.6.66
    • 6.1.120
    • 5.4.287
    • 6.12.5
    • 5.15.174
    • 6.13
    IBMQRadar SIEM
    • < 7.6.0.3
    • <7.5.0 UP16 IF01
    • 7.6.0.3
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Linuxdebianlinux-6.1bullseye
    Linuxlinuxlinux_kernel—

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedLinux

      Show 21 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06a92f810df8037ca36157282ddcbefdcaf049b8
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/238e3af849dfdcb1faed544349f7025e533f9aab
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99192c735ed4bfdff0d215ec85c8a87a677cb898
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a0bd7dacbd51c632b8e2c0500b479af564afadf3
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a69752f1e5de817941a2ea0609254f6f25acd274
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5be6a0bb639d165c8418d8dddd8f322587be8be
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be54e6e0f93a39a9c00478d70d12956a5f3d5b9b
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06a92f810df8037ca36157282ddcbefdcaf049b8
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/238e3af849dfdcb1faed544349f7025e533f9aab
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99192c735ed4bfdff0d215ec85c8a87a677cb898
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a0bd7dacbd51c632b8e2c0500b479af564afadf3
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a69752f1e5de817941a2ea0609254f6f25acd274
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5be6a0bb639d165c8418d8dddd8f322587be8be
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be54e6e0f93a39a9c00478d70d12956a5f3d5b9b
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06a92f810df8037ca36157282ddcbefdcaf049b8 Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/238e3af849dfdcb1faed544349f7025e533f9aab Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99192c735ed4bfdff0d215ec85c8a87a677cb898 Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a0bd7dacbd51c632b8e2c0500b479af564afadf3 Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a69752f1e5de817941a2ea0609254f6f25acd274 Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5be6a0bb639d165c8418d8dddd8f322587be8be Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be54e6e0f93a39a9c00478d70d12956a5f3d5b9b Types: Patch
      —

      Source identifier: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

    2. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2024-57849","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-15T21:41:33.008491Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    3. Record modifiedCVE Program

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html
      Referenceremoved
      https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html
      —

      Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    4. Record modifiedLinux

      CVSS V3.1: AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

      Source identifier: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

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