HighCVE-2026-28277

    axios: Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CVE-2026-28277)

    Published Sources: BSI

    What is affected, what to do

    LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint is an implementation of LangGraph CheckpointSaver that uses SQLite DB (both sync and async, via aiosqlite). In version 1.0.9 and prior, LangGraph checkpointers can load msgpack-encoded checkpoints that reconstruct Python objects during deserialization.

    Update axios to version 0.31.0, DOMPurify to version 3.4.0, forge to version 1.4.0.

    Affected
    • Langchain-ai Langgraph lte *..1.0.9

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    7.2

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    6.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity Medium on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: BSI

    4.9 %

    EPSS score

    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 92.1

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    67.88 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    7.2 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    6.8
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    4.9 %
    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    92.1
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 6 March 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-502

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint is an implementation of LangGraph CheckpointSaver that uses SQLite DB (both sync and async, via aiosqlite). In version 1.0.9 and prior, LangGraph checkpointers can load msgpack-encoded checkpoints that reconstruct Python objects during deserialization. If an attacker can modify checkpoint data in the backing store (for example, after a database compromise or other privileged write access to the persistence layer), they can potentially supply a crafted payload that triggers unsafe object reconstruction when the checkpoint is loaded. No known patch is public.

    Source: BSI WID Portal

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    axiosaxios
    • ≥ 1.0.0, < 1.15.0
    • < 0.31.0
    • 1.0.0 – < 1.15.0
    • < 0.31.0
    • —
    • 0.31.0
    • 1.15.0
    • 0.31.0
    cure53DOMPurify
    • ≥ 1.0.10, < 3.4.0
    • ≥ 3.0.1, < 3.4.0
    • < 3.4.0
    • —
    • —
    • 3.4.0
    digitalbazaarforge
    • < 1.4.0
    • ≤ 1.3.3
    • < 1.4.0
    • 1.4.0
    • —
    • 1.4.0
    eemeliyaml
    • ≥ 1.0.0, < 1.10.3
    • 1.0.0 – < 1.10.3
    • 2.0.0 – < 2.8.3
    • —
    • 1.10.3
    • 2.8.3
    follow-redirectsfollow-redirects
    • < 1.16.0
    • 1.16.0
    Go standard libraryarchive/tar
    • 1.26.0-0 – < 1.26.2
    • < 1.25.9
    • 1.26.2
    • 1.25.9
    Go standard libraryhtml/template
    • 1.26.0-0 – < 1.26.1
    • < 1.25.8
    • 1.26.1
    • 1.25.8
    handlebars-langhandlebars.js
    • ≥ 4.0.0, < 4.7.9
    • —
    honojshono
    • < 4.12.12
    • 4.12.12
    honojsnode-server
    • < 1.19.13
    • 1.19.13
    Kludexpython-multipart
    • < 0.0.26
    • 0.0.26
    langchain-ailangchain
    • < 1.2.11
    • 1.2.11
    langchain-ailanggraph
    • ≤ 1.0.9
    • —
    mobyspdystream
    • < 0.5.1
    • 0.5.1
    NaturalIntelligencefast-xml-parser
    • ≥ 4.0.0-beta.3, < 5.5.7
    • —
    path-to-regexppath-to-regexp
    • 8.0.0 – < 8.4.0
    • 8.4.0
    patrickjuchlibasic-ftp
    • < 5.2.1
    • 5.2.1
    socketiosocket.io
    • ≥ 3.4.0, < 3.4.4
    • < 3.3.5
    • —
    • 3.3.5
    theskumarpython-dotenv
    • < 1.2.2
    • 1.2.2
    xmldomxmldom
    • xmldom <= 0.6.0
    • @xmldom/xmldom < 0.8.12
    • @xmldom/xmldom >= 0.9.0, < 0.9.9
    • —
    • —
    • —
    cure53dompurify
    • < 3.4.0
    • 3.4.0
    fastapiexpertpython-multipart
    • < 0.0.26
    • 0.0.26
    follow-redirects_projectfollow-redirects
    • < 1.16.0
    • 1.16.0
    golanggo
    • 1.26.0
    • 1.26.0 – < 1.26.2
    • < 1.25.8
    • < 1.25.9
    • —
    • 1.26.2
    • 1.25.8
    • 1.25.9
    handlebarsjshandlebars
    • 4.0.0 – < 4.7.9
    • 4.7.9
    honohono
    • 4.0.0 – ≤ 4.12.11
    • ≤ 4.12.11
    • —
    • —
    hononode-server
    • ≤ 1.19.12
    • —
    langchainlangchain_core
    • < 1.2.11
    • 1.2.11
    langchainlanggraph
    • ≤ 1.0.9
    • —
    naturalintelligencefast-xml-parser
    • 4.0.0
    • —
    Distribution and container packages (1)

    Downstream packages (e.g. Bitnami, Debian, Ubuntu, Red Hat). Versions refer to the distribution, not the vendor.

    Distribution and container packages
    Affected versionsFixed in
    bitnamigolang
    • 1.26.0-0
    • —
    From bundled advisories, not CVE-specific (61)

    Product list of a bundled advisory that does not state which product this CVE affects.

    Products from bundled advisories
    Affected versionsFixed in
    AtlassianBamboo Data Center
    • < 10.2.20
    • < 12.1.8
    • 10.2.20
    • 12.1.8
    AtlassianBamboo LTS
    • < 10.2.21
    • < 12.1.9
    • 10.2.21
    • 12.1.9
    AtlassianBitbucket Data Center
    • < 10.2.4
    • < 10.3.1
    • < 9.4.21
    • 10.2.4
    • 10.3.1
    • 9.4.21
    AtlassianBitbucket LTS
    • < 10.3.2
    • < 9.4.22
    • 10.3.2
    • 9.4.22
    AtlassianConfluence Data Center
    • < 10.2.13
    • < 9.2.21
    • 10.2.13
    • 9.2.21
    AtlassianConfluence LTS
    • < 10.2.14
    • < 9.2.22
    • 10.2.14
    • 9.2.22
    AtlassianCrucible
    • < 4.9.11
    • < 4.9.12
    • 4.9.11
    • 4.9.12
    AtlassianFisheye
    • < 4.9.11
    • < 4.9.12
    • 4.9.11
    • 4.9.12
    AtlassianJira Data Center
    • < 10.3.22
    • < 11.3.7
    • 10.3.22
    • 11.3.7
    AtlassianJira LTS
    • < 10.3.23
    • < 11.3.8
    • 10.3.23
    • 11.3.8
    AtlassianJira Service Management Data Center and Server
    • < 10.3.22
    • < 11.3.7
    • 10.3.22
    • 11.3.7
    GolangGo
    • < 1.25.10
    • < 1.25.8
    • < 1.25.9
    • < 1.26.1
    • < 1.26.2
    • < 1.26.3
    • 1.25.10
    • 1.25.8
    • 1.25.9
    • 1.26.1
    • 1.26.2
    • 1.26.3
    IBMApp Connect Enterprise
    • < 12.0.12.24
    • < 13.0.7.0
    • < 13.2.0
    • 12.0.12.24
    • 13.0.7.0
    • 13.2.0
    IBMApp Connect Enterprise Certified Container Operator
    • < 12.0.24
    • 12.0.24
    IBMSPSS
    • Collaboration and Deployment Services
    • —
    MicrosoftAzure Linux
    • azl3
    • —
    Red HatEnterprise Linux
    • 10
    • 10.0 Extended Update Support
    • 9.6
    • 9.6 Extended Update Support
    • Advanced Cluster Security
    • Extended Update Support
    • Quay
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    Red HatEnterprise Linux Cryostat
    • < 4.2.0
    • 4.2.0
    Red HatOpenShift
    • Kiali 2.11.10 Service Mesh 3.1
    • Kiali 2.17.7 Service Mesh 3.2
    • Kiali 2.22.3 Service Mesh 3.3
    • Kiali 2.4.16 Service Mesh 3.0
    • Network Observability 1.11.2
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-502Deserialization of Untrusted Data

      Base

      The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-502

    References & sources

    Linked CVEs

    Linked CVEs
    HighCVE-2026-4926path-to-regexp vulnerable to Denial of Service via sequential optional groups7.5—
    MediumCVE-2026-4923path-to-regexp vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service via multiple wildcards5.9—
    MediumCVE-2026-41240Cure53 DOMPurify: Cross-site Scripting6.1—
    MediumCVE-2026-41239DOMPurify has a SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES bypass in RETURN_DOM mode6.8—
    MediumCVE-2026-41238DOMPurify: Prototype Pollution to XSS Bypass via CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING Fallback6.9—
    HighCVE-2026-40895follow-redirects: Custom Authentication Headers Leaked to Cross-Domain Redirect Targets7.5—
    MediumCVE-2026-40347Python-Multipart affected by Denial of Service via large multipart preamble or epilogue data5.3—
    MediumCVE-2026-40175Axios has Unrestricted Cloud Metadata Exfiltration via Header Injection Chain4.8—
    HighCVE-2026-39983FTP Command Injection via CRLF in basic-ftp8.6—
    MediumCVE-2026-39410Hono has a non-breaking space prefix bypass in cookie name handling in getCookie()4.8—
    MediumCVE-2026-39409Hono has incorrect IP matching in ipRestriction() for IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses5.3—
    HighCVE-2026-39408Hono has a path traversal in toSSG() allows writing files outside the output directory7.5—
    MediumCVE-2026-39407Hono has a middleware bypass via repeated slashes in serveStatic5.3—
    MediumCVE-2026-39406@hono/node-server has a middleware bypass via repeated slashes in serveStatic5.3—
    HighCVE-2026-35469SpdyStream: DOS on CRI6.5—
    HighCVE-2026-34601xmldom: XML injection via unsafe CDATA serialization allows attacker-controlled markup insertion7.5—
    MediumCVE-2026-33916Handlebars.js has Prototype Pollution Leading to XSS through Partial Template Injection4.7—
    CriticalCVE-2026-33896Forge has a basicConstraints bypass in its certificate chain verification (RFC 5280 violation)9.1—
    HighCVE-2026-33895Forge has signature forgery in Ed25519 due to missing S > L check7.5—
    HighCVE-2026-33894Forge has signature forgery in RSA-PKCS due to ASN.1 extra field7.5—
    HighCVE-2026-33891Forge has Denial of Service via Infinite Loop in BigInteger.modInverse() with Zero Input7.5—
    MediumCVE-2026-33532yaml is vulnerable to Stack Overflow via deeply nested YAML collections4.3—
    MediumCVE-2026-33349Natural Intelligence fast-xml-parser: Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input5.9—
    HighCVE-2026-33151socket.io allows an unbounded number of binary attachments7.5—
    Show 5 more CVEs
    Linked CVEs
    MediumCVE-2026-32288Unbounded allocation for old GNU sparse in archive/tar5.5—
    MediumCVE-2026-28684Theskumar Python-dotenv: Link Following6.6—
    HighCVE-2026-28277LangGraph: Unsafe msgpack deserialization in LangGraph checkpoint loading7.2—
    HighCVE-2026-27142URLs in meta content attribute actions are not escaped in html/template7.5—
    LowCVE-2026-26013LangChain affected by SSRF via image_url token counting in ChatOpenAI.get_num_tokens_from_messages3.7—
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    Badge preview for CVE-2026-28277
    <a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2026-28277"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2026-28277.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2026-28277 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>