HighCVE-2026-1961

    Forman: foreman: remote code execution via command injection in websocket proxy (CVE-2026-1961)

    Published Last modified Sources: Red Hat, CVE.org, BSI

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    What is affected, what to do

    A flaw was found in Foreman. A remote attacker could exploit a command injection vulnerability in Foreman's WebSocket proxy implementation.

    An exploit is publicly available. Update Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 to version 0:3.12.0.14-1.el8sat, Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 to version 0:3.12.0.14-1.el9sat, Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 to version 0:3.14.0.14-1.el9sat.

    Affected
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 lt *..0:3.12.0.14-1.el8sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:3.12.0.14-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:3.14.0.14-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:0.1.23-0.3.el9pc
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:1.2.0-0.1.el9pc
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:4.2.28-0.1.el9pc
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:2.22.3-1.el9pc
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:3.27.10-2.el9pc
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:1.5.1-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:0.4.3-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:4.16.0.14-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:0.13.0-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:6.17.7-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:0.0.3-4.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9 lt *..0:3.16.0.12-1.el9sat
    Fixed in
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 0:3.12.0.14-1.el8sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 0:3.12.0.14-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:3.14.0.14-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:0.1.23-0.3.el9pc
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:1.2.0-0.1.el9pc
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:4.2.28-0.1.el9pc
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:2.22.3-1.el9pc
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:3.27.10-2.el9pc
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:1.5.1-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:0.4.3-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:4.16.0.14-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:0.13.0-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:6.17.7-1.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 0:0.0.3-4.el9sat
    • Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9 0:3.16.0.12-1.el9sat

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    8.8

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    8.0

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: Red Hat, CVE.org, BSI

    1.9 %

    EPSS score

    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 80.0

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    106.49 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    PoC (publicly reported)
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    8.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.0
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    1.9 %
    Moderate — model estimates 1-10% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    80.0
    High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: proof of concept · not automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 26 March 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-78

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    A flaw was found in Foreman. A remote attacker could exploit a command injection vulnerability in Foreman's WebSocket proxy implementation. This vulnerability arises from the system's use of unsanitized hostname values from compute resource providers when constructing shell commands. By operating a malicious compute resource server, an attacker could achieve remote code execution on the Foreman server when a user accesses VM VNC console functionality. This could lead to the compromise of sensitive credentials and the entire managed infrastructure.

    Source: redhat_csaf, cvelistv5, NVD (NIST), CVE.org (MITRE), BSI WID Portal, BSI CSAF

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    Red HatRed Hat Satellite 6
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8
    • < 0:3.12.0.14-1.el8sat
    • 0:3.12.0.14-1.el8sat
    Red HatRed Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9
    • < 0:3.12.0.14-1.el9sat
    • 0:3.12.0.14-1.el9sat
    Red HatRed Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9
    • < 0:6.17.7-1.el9sat
    • < 0:0.0.3-4.el9sat
    • < 0:0.13.0-1.el9sat
    • < 0:1.5.1-1.el9sat
    • < 0:4.2.28-0.1.el9pc
    • < 0:0.1.23-0.3.el9pc
    • < 0:2.22.3-1.el9pc
    • < 0:3.14.0.14-1.el9sat
    • < 0:4.16.0.14-1.el9sat
    • < 0:1.2.0-0.1.el9pc
    • < 0:0.4.3-1.el9sat
    • < 0:3.27.10-2.el9pc
    • 0:6.17.7-1.el9sat
    • 0:0.0.3-4.el9sat
    • 0:0.13.0-1.el9sat
    • 0:1.5.1-1.el9sat
    • 0:4.2.28-0.1.el9pc
    • 0:0.1.23-0.3.el9pc
    • 0:2.22.3-1.el9pc
    • 0:3.14.0.14-1.el9sat
    • 0:4.16.0.14-1.el9sat
    • 0:1.2.0-0.1.el9pc
    • 0:0.4.3-1.el9sat
    • 0:3.27.10-2.el9pc
    Red HatRed Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9
    • < 0:3.16.0.12-1.el9sat
    • 0:3.16.0.12-1.el9sat
    redhatsatellite
    • 6.17 – < 6.17.7
    • 6.16 – < 6.16.7
    • 6.0
    • 6.18 – < 6.18.4
    • 6.17.7
    • 6.16.7
    • —
    • 6.18.4
    theforemanforeman
    • 3.17.0 – < 3.17.2
    • 3.18.0 – < 3.18.1
    • < 3.16.3
    • 3.17.2
    • 3.18.1
    • 3.16.3
    Red HatEnterprise Linux
    • 10.0 Extended Update Support
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

      Base

      The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-78

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    Reference tagged as exploitbugzilla.redhat.com (opens in a new tab)PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified—
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)CVE-2026-1961-foreman-poc (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified

    References & sources

    • access.redhat.comRHSA-2026:5968Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT, Vendor advisory
    • access.redhat.comRHSA-2026:5970Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT, Vendor advisory
    • access.redhat.comRHSA-2026:5971Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT, Vendor advisory
    • access.redhat.comsecurity/cve/CVE-2026-1961Vulnerability database, x_refsource_REDHAT, Vendor advisory
    • bugzilla.redhat.comRHBZ#2437036Issue tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT, Exploit, Issue tracking, Vendor advisory
    • openwall.comlists/oss-security/2026/03/27/3Mailing list, Third-party advisory
    • security.access.redhat.comdata/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-1961.jsonx_sadp-csaf-vex, Vendor advisory

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Initial analysis by NVDNVD

      Newly listed as affected:
      • Red Hat Satellite (6.16 – before 6.16.7; 6.17 – before 6.17.7; 6.18 – before 6.18.4; 1 individual version)
      • Katello Foreman (before 3.16.3; 3.17.0 – before 3.17.2; 3.18.0 – before 3.18.1)

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

      Show 18 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
      Product configurationadded
      —
      AND OR *cpe:2.3:a:redhat:satellite:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.16 up to (excluding) 6.16.7 OR cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
      Product configurationadded
      —
      AND OR *cpe:2.3:a:redhat:satellite:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.17 up to (excluding) 6.17.7 OR cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:theforeman:foreman:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 3.16.3 *cpe:2.3:a:theforeman:foreman:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 3.17.0 up to (excluding) 3.17.2 *cpe:2.3:a:theforeman:foreman:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 3.18.0 up to (excluding) 3.18.1
      Product configurationadded
      —
      AND OR *cpe:2.3:a:redhat:satellite:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.18 up to (excluding) 6.18.4 OR cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:redhat:satellite:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
      Reference typeadded
      —
      Red Hat, Inc.: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5968 Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      Red Hat, Inc.: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5970 Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      Red Hat, Inc.: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5971 Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      CVE: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/03/27/3 Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5968 Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      Red Hat, Inc.: https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1961 Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      Red Hat, Inc.: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2437036 Types: Exploit, Issue Tracking, Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5970 Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5971 Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1961 Types: Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2437036 Types: Exploit, Issue Tracking, Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      redhat-SADP: https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-1961.json Types: Vendor Advisory

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

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