MediumCVE-2026-119417

    CakePHP through 5.4.3 Email Header Injection via Bare CR/LF in SmtpTransport and MailTransport (CVE-2026-119417)

    Published Last modified Sources: EUVD, OSV, CVE.org

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    What is affected, what to do

    CakePHP 4.5.12, 4.6.5, 5.1.8 through 5.1.10, 5.2.14 through 5.2.15, 5.3.7, and 5.4.0 through 5.4.3 contain an email header injection vulnerability because SmtpTransport and MailTransport strip only CRLF pairs from header values, an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-77634. Attackers controlling custom headers set via Message::setHeaders() or Message::addHeaders() can insert a bare CR or LF to inject headers like Bcc, redirecting or altering outgoing mail.

    Update cakephp/cakephp to version 5.2.14.

    Affected
    • CakePHP lte 4.5.12..4.5.12
    • CakePHP lte 4.6.5..4.6.5
    • CakePHP lte 5.1.8..5.1.10
    • CakePHP lte 5.2.14..5.2.15
    • CakePHP lte 5.3.7..5.3.7
    • CakePHP lte 5.4.0..5.4.3

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    6.3

    XIEM Effective CVSS

    Highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: Vendor (CNA), CVSS v4

    3.7

    CVSS v3

    Severity Low on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: EUVD, OSV, CVE.org

    0.4 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 39.7

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Medium
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    74.03 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    6.3 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    3.7
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    6.3
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    0.4 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    39.7
    High — this CVE ranks above the median of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 36%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · not automatable · Technical impact: partial
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 30 October 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-93

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    Handle the vulnerability in regular vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    CakePHP 4.5.12, 4.6.5, 5.1.8 through 5.1.10, 5.2.14 through 5.2.15, 5.3.7, and 5.4.0 through 5.4.3 contain an email header injection vulnerability because SmtpTransport and MailTransport strip only CRLF pairs from header values, an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-77634. Attackers controlling custom headers set via Message::setHeaders() or Message::addHeaders() can insert a bare CR or LF to inject headers like Bcc, redirecting or altering outgoing mail.

    Source: ENISA EUVD, OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), cvelistv5, NVD (NIST)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    cakephpcakephp
    • ≤ 4.5.12
    • 5.2.14 – ≤ 5.2.15
    • ≤ 5.3.7
    • 5.1.8 – ≤ 5.1.10
    • ≤ 4.6.5
    • 5.4.0 – ≤ 5.4.3
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    packagistcakephp/cakephp
    • 5.2.0
    • 5.1.6
    • 5.1.1
    • 5.0.6
    • 5.0.4
    • 4.5.11
    • 5.0.5
    • 4.6.1
    • 5.0.3
    • 5.1.0-RC2
    • 5.2.10
    • 4.6.4
    • 4.6.0
    • 5.0.1
    • 4.6.2
    • 5.0.10
    • 4.5.8
    • 4.5.6
    • 5.0.0
    • 5.0.7
    • 4.5.0
    • 5.1.0
    • 4.5.4
    • 5.2.11
    • 4.5.2
    • 5.0.8
    • 4.5.7
    • 5.3.0
    • 5.0.2
    • 5.2.12
    • 4.5.9
    • 5.2.5
    • 5.1.4
    • 5.3.1
    • 5.2.4
    • 5.2.1
    • 5.3.3
    • 5.2.13
    • 4.5.1
    • 5.2.2
    • 5.2.3
    • 4.5.5
    • 5.2.14
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • 4.6.5
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • 5.1.9
    • —
    • 4.5.12
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • 5.3.7
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-93Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')

      Base

      The product uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-93

    References & sources

    • abraxaslabs.techresearch/cakephp-smtp-crlfThird-party advisory, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephpProduct, package, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/blob/6f3dd91371ac0698b64024ddb21d57def9fbba91/s…Technical description, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/blob/6f3dd91371ac0698b64024ddb21d57def9fbba91/s…Technical description, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/2b9326ca3f17b2e940c6c9f50d821e9929c00f39Patch, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/3b997318539c48a423b77651c61c9f229cbf9e33Patch, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/773587406a29eedc2e0031e12683b08e112cc538Patch, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/e5936b286cc389b1497fd9b675a2133ba9ac557dPatch, euvd
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/pull/19695Patch, Issue tracking, euvd
    • github.comGitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-2qh5-382h-3jpc)related, Vendor advisory, advisory, web, euvd
    • vulncheck.comVulnCheck Advisory: CakePHP through 5.4.3 Email Header Injection via Bare CR/LF in SmtpTransport and MailTransportThird-party advisory, euvd
    • github.comCVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/77xxx/CVE-2026-77634.j…advisory
    • NVD (NIST)vuln/detail/CVE-2026-77634advisory
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/08188962bcd99a95da1e49f62e786f2d688f1e41fix, web
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/2afe42b02d8ddc5d442bca5e8bb61910a727646efix, web
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/3e09dae6cbdc983754fa3a8e6aae74da102a3ea1fix, web
    • github.comcakephp/cakephp/commit/b67b622457362b075bb37e625a82af73a0b3c9c3fix, web

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: none known, automatable: no

      Show the original change
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-119417","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-30T15:20:55.429443Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    2. ReceivedVulnCheck

      CVSS V4.0: AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

      Weakness type: CWE-93

      Description added or changed

      Show 16 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionadded
      —
      CakePHP 4.5.12, 4.6.5, 5.1.8 through 5.1.10, 5.2.14 through 5.2.15, 5.3.7, and 5.4.0 through 5.4.3 contain an email header injection vulnerability because SmtpTransport and MailTransport strip only CRLF pairs from header values, an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-77634. Attackers controlling custom headers set via Message::setHeaders() or Message::addHeaders() can insert a bare CR or LF to inject headers like Bcc, redirecting or altering outgoing mail.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-93
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/119xxx/CVE-2026-119417.json">CVE-2026-119417</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/cakephp-smtp-crlf
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/blob/6f3dd91371ac0698b64024ddb21d57def9fbba91/src/Mailer/Transport/MailTransport.php#L57
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/blob/6f3dd91371ac0698b64024ddb21d57def9fbba91/src/Mailer/Transport/SmtpTransport.php#L574
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/commit/2b9326ca3f17b2e940c6c9f50d821e9929c00f39
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/commit/3b997318539c48a423b77651c61c9f229cbf9e33
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/commit/773587406a29eedc2e0031e12683b08e112cc538
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/commit/e5936b286cc389b1497fd9b675a2133ba9ac557d
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/pull/19695
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/cakephp/cakephp/security/advisories/GHSA-2qh5-382h-3jpc
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/cakephp-through-5.4.3-email-header-injection-via-bare-cr-lf-in-smtptransport-and-mailtransport

      Source identifier: disclosure@vulncheck.com

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