CriticalCVE-2026-107846

    Bitcoinjs-lib: Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value (CVE-2026-107846)

    Published Last modified Sources: CVE.org, EUVD, OSV, Hersteller

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    What is affected, what to do

    bitcoinjs-lib is a JavaScript Bitcoin library for Node.js and browsers. From 2.3.0 until 5.2.1, 6.1.8, and 7.0.2, fastMerkleRoot pads odd Merkle-tree levels by hashing the final node with itself but does not report adjacent duplicate hashes.

    Update bitcoinjs-lib to version 5.2.1.

    Affected
    • Bitcoinjs-lib gte 2.3.0, < 5.2.1..*

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    9.3

    XIEM Effective CVSS

    Highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: Vendor (CNA), CVSS v4

    9.3

    CVSS v4

    Severity Critical on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: CVE.org, EUVD, OSV, Hersteller

    0.2 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 7.6

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Critical
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    76.96 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    9.3 Methodology
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    9.3
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

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    0.2 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    7.6
    Low — this CVE sits in the lower 10% of all CVEs scored today.
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: proof of concept · automatable · Technical impact: partial
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 9 November 2026
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-354

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    bitcoinjs-lib is a JavaScript Bitcoin library for Node.js and browsers. From 2.3.0 until 5.2.1, 6.1.8, and 7.0.2, fastMerkleRoot pads odd Merkle-tree levels by hashing the final node with itself but does not report adjacent duplicate hashes. The affected block-root verifier was introduced as Block.checkMerkleRoot() alongside Block.calculateMerkleRoot(), while later versions expose validation through checkTxRoots() and __checkMerkleRoot; these validation paths can accept a recomputed root without checking for mutation. A peer can append duplicate transactions so a different transaction list retains the original Merkle root, block header, proof of work, and block identifier. Consumers that rely on block-root validation, including explorers, exchange indexers, or SPV clients, can process a duplicated transaction twice or blacklist the shared block hash and reject the honest block. This issue is fixed in versions 5.2.1, 6.1.8, and 7.0.2.

    Source: NVD (NIST), ENISA EUVD, OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), GitHub Security Advisories, cvelistv5

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    bitcoinjsbitcoinjs-lib
    • ≥ 2.3.0, < 5.2.1
    • —
    npmbitcoinjs-lib
    • 2.3.0
    • >= 2.3.0, < 5.2.1
    • 7.0.0-rc.0
    • >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.8
    • >= 7.0.0-rc.0, < 7.0.2
    • 6.0.0
    • 5.2.1
    • 5.2.1
    • 7.0.2
    • 6.1.8
    • 7.0.2
    • 6.1.8

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-354Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value

      Base

      The product does not validate or incorrectly validates the integrity check values or "checksums" of a message. This may prevent it from detecting if the data has been modified or corrupted in transmission.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-354

    References & sources

    • github.combitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/commit/009f165edfbf925cad8964b2dce478d1…x_refsource_MISC, web, euvd
    • github.combitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/commit/b79c7714c0687473dc6e25c69fc5fc59…x_refsource_MISC, web, euvd
    • github.combitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/commit/f3434d1e4bb5e0784fe769c4cd08a243…x_refsource_MISC, web, euvd
    • github.combitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/security/advisories/GHSA-8vv3-6qpc-gpw6x_refsource_CONFIRM, web, euvd
    • NVD (NIST)vuln/detail/CVE-2026-107846advisory, euvd
    • github.combitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-libpackage

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedCISA ADP

      CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: proof of concept, automatable: yes

      Show 2 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/security/advisories/GHSA-8vv3-6qpc-gpw6
      SSVC assessmentadded
      —
      {"id":"CVE-2026-107846","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"poc"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-11-09T16:49:37.173821Z"}

      Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    2. ReceivedGitHub

      CVSS V4.0: AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H

      Weakness type: CWE-354

      Description added or changed

      Show 8 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionadded
      —
      bitcoinjs-lib is a JavaScript Bitcoin library for Node.js and browsers. From 2.3.0 until 5.2.1, 6.1.8, and 7.0.2, fastMerkleRoot pads odd Merkle-tree levels by hashing the final node with itself but does not report adjacent duplicate hashes. The affected block-root verifier was introduced as Block.checkMerkleRoot() alongside Block.calculateMerkleRoot(), while later versions expose validation through checkTxRoots() and __checkMerkleRoot; these validation paths can accept a recomputed root without checking for mutation. A peer can append duplicate transactions so a different transaction list retains the original Merkle root, block header, proof of work, and block identifier. Consumers that rely on block-root validation, including explorers, exchange indexers, or SPV clients, can process a duplicated transaction twice or blacklist the shared block hash and reject the honest block. This issue is fixed in versions 5.2.1, 6.1.8, and 7.0.2.
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-354
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/107xxx/CVE-2026-107846.json">CVE-2026-107846</a>
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/commit/009f165edfbf925cad8964b2dce478d18dd19449
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/commit/b79c7714c0687473dc6e25c69fc5fc597302c7a0
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/commit/f3434d1e4bb5e0784fe769c4cd08a243576232a1
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/security/advisories/GHSA-8vv3-6qpc-gpw6

      Source identifier: security-advisories@github.com

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