CriticalCVE-2025-4008

    Arbitrary Command Injection in Smartbedded MeteoBridge (CVE-2025-4008)

    Published In CISA KEV since Sources: pwn.watch, CVE.org

    Share

    What is affected, what to do

    The Meteobridge web interface let meteobridge administrator manage their weather station data collection and administer their meteobridge system through a web application written in CGI shell scripts and C. This web interface exposes an endpoint that is vulnerable to command injection.

    The vulnerability is being actively exploited; treat it as a priority. Update meteobridge_vm to version 6.2. Immediate actions, mitigation and detection rules are in the runbook below.

    Affected
    • Smartbedded MeteoBridge lte *..6.1

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    8.8

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    8.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: pwn.watch, CVE.org

    93.3 %

    EPSS score

    High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 99.84

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Critical
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    232.72 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    actively exploitedSource: VulnCheck KEV (opens in a new tab) How we classify
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    8.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.8
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.7
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    93.3 %
    High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    99.84
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    Actively exploited
    Published
    In CISA KEV since

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: active · automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 2 October 2025
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-77, CWE-306

    Response and mitigation

    Why act now?

    Prioritisation rationale

    This CVE sits on KEV because it allows unauthenticated remote code execution as root through an internet-reachable CGI endpoint — exploitation is trivial, needs no user interaction, and its exploitation likelihood is among the highest in the KEV catalogue. Typical victims are weather stations in agriculture, energy, airports, research and smart-building deployments; many devices sit on the perimeter or in weakly segmented OT networks and are rarely actively monitored. Prioritise internet-exposed instances as P1 (patch or take offline within 24 h) and purely internal devices as P2 with a 72-hour SLA. Even without the CISA ransomware flag, these boxes are attractive pivot points into OT/IoT networks and prime botnet-recruitment targets (Mirai-family).

    1. Runbook step 1

      Immediate response (0-24 h)

      • Deploy Meteobridge 6.2 firmware on both meteobridge_firmware and meteobridge_vm instances. Version 6.1 and earlier remain unpatched — upgrading is the only full fix. Verify under Setup → System → Firmware.
      • Pull every Meteobridge web interface (default TCP/80, possibly TCP/443) off the public internet immediately: perimeter rule "deny inbound to Meteobridge hosts on 80/443 from any", cross-check exposure via Shodan/Censys query product:"Meteobridge".
      • Restrict access to the web UI to a management VLAN or VPN jump host; the vulnerable CGI endpoints are reachable without authentication, so network isolation is the single most important stopgap.
      • Run a compromise check: inspect cron entries, /tmp, /var/tmp, autostart scripts, and authorized_keys for unknown entries. For VM deployments, snapshot before patching to preserve forensics.
      • Rotate admin credentials and any weather-service / MQTT API keys held on the device, since root RCE allows full config exfiltration.

    2. Runbook step 2

      Mitigation layers

      • Network segmentation: place Meteobridge devices (often adjacent to IoT/OT) in an isolated VLAN with no internet egress; allowlist only outbound connections to required weather services (Weather Underground, PWS, MQTT broker).
      • Put an authenticating reverse proxy (nginx/Traefik with Basic Auth or OIDC) in front of the CGI interface if patching cannot happen immediately. This removes the unauthenticated path to the injection sink.
      • WAF/IPS rule: block HTTP requests to Meteobridge CGI paths (/cgi-bin/) containing shell metacharacters (;, |, `, $(, &&, %0a) in query or POST parameters. Suricata/Snort signature using content:"/cgi-bin/"; http_uri; pcre:"/[;|\x60]|\$\(/U".
      • Egress filtering: block outbound traffic from Meteobridge hosts to TCP/4444, TCP/1337 and other common reverse-shell ports; permit only vendor/weather-service endpoints.
      • Config integrity monitoring: hash the main CGI scripts (/usr/www/cgi-bin/*) against a baseline and alert on drift.
      • If the device is end-of-life or cannot be patched: run only behind VPN with internet access disabled; record the residual risk in the register (NIS2 Art. 21).

    3. Runbook step 3

      Detection rules

      • Web server access logs: requests to /cgi-bin/ carrying URL-encoded shell metacharacters (%3B, %7C, %60, %24%28) or long query strings containing binary names (wget, curl, nc, bash, sh -i). KQL shape: WebLogs | where UrlPath startswith "/cgi-bin/" and (QueryString has_any ("%3B","%7C","%24%28","wget","curl","nc ")).
      • Process telemetry (via auditd/osquery on the device or VM host): CGI shell processes (sh, bash) spawning wget/curl/nc/python/perl — classic post-exploitation chain.
      • Network: outbound connections from the Meteobridge IP to unknown destinations on non-standard ports, especially TCP reverse-shell candidates. Zeek conn.log filter: orig_h == <meteobridge> && resp_p not in (80,443,8080).
      • File integrity: changes under /etc/init.d/, /etc/crontab, /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, or new SUID binaries.
      • Sigma shape: detection: selection: web.uri|contains: '/cgi-bin/' web.uri|re: '[;|$()]|%(3B|7C|60|24)' condition: selection`.

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    Actively exploited: treat the vulnerability as a priority in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2. If it is exploited in your environment, check the reporting obligation under Art. 23 (early warning within 24 hours).
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    Since 11.09.2026, manufacturers of affected products with digital elements must report actively exploited vulnerabilities under Art. 14 CRA, with an early warning within 24 hours via ENISA's single reporting platform.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    The Meteobridge web interface let meteobridge administrator manage their weather station data collection and administer their meteobridge system through a web application written in CGI shell scripts and C. This web interface exposes an endpoint that is vulnerable to command injection. Remote unauthenticated attackers can gain arbitrary command execution with elevated privileges ( root ) on affected devices.

    Source: pwn.watch, NVD (NIST), cvelistv5, CISA KEV Catalog, CVE.org (MITRE)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    SmartbeddedMeteoBridge
    • ≤ 6.1
    • —
    smartbeddedmeteobridge_vm
    • < 6.2
    • 6.2

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Othersmartbeddedmeteobridge_firmware—

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

      Class

      The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-77

    • CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function

      Base

      The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-306

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    CISA KEV CatalogCISA Known Exploited Vulnerability (opens in a new tab)cisa.govactively exploited

    References & sources

    • onekey.comresource/security-advisory-remote-command-execution-on-smartbed…Third-party advisory, Exploit, Third-party advisory
    • forum.meteohub.deSmartbedded advisory: Smartbedded MeteobridgeVendor advisory, Vendor advisory, pwn-watch
    • cisa.govknown-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-4008government-resource, US government resource
    • pwn.watchpwn.watch: Smartbedded Meteobridge: Meteobridge Command Injection Vulnerabilitypwn-watch
    • NVD (NIST)NVD: CVE-2025-4008pwn-watch
    • cisa.govCISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalogpwn-watch
    Embed badge

    Show the severity and KEV status of this vulnerability on your site – with a link back here. The image is updated hourly.

    Badge preview for CVE-2025-4008
    <a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2025-4008"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2025-4008.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2025-4008 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>