HighCVE-2022-50998

    Nokogiri before 1.13.9 Multiple Vulnerabilities via libxml2 (CVE-2022-50998)

    Published Last modified Sources: OSV, CVE.org, EUVD

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    What is affected, what to do

    Nokogiri before 1.13.9 (CRuby implementation using packaged libraries) bundles libxml2 v2.9.14, which is affected by CVE-2022-40304 (data corruption / double-free from an entity reference cycle when entity content is allocated from a dict) and CVE-2022-40303 (integer overflows when parsing with XML_PARSE_HUGE). Nokogiri 1.13.9 upgrades the packaged libxml2 to v2.10.3 to address these issues.

    Update Sparklemotion Nokogiri to version 1.13.9.

    Affected
    • Sparklemotion Nokogiri lt *..1.13.9
    Fixed in
    • Sparklemotion Nokogiri 1.13.9

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    8.7

    XIEM Effective CVSS

    Highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: Vendor (CNA), CVSS v4

    7.5

    CVSS v3

    Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: OSV, CVE.org, EUVD

    0.4 %

    EPSS score

    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 28.0

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    High
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    72.85 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    no public PoC known
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    8.7 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    7.5
    CVSS v4

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    8.7
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    0.4 %
    Low — model estimates < 1% exploitation likelihood.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    28.0
    Elevated — this CVE ranks above at least 10% of all CVEs scored today.
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-476

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    Nokogiri before 1.13.9 (CRuby implementation using packaged libraries) bundles libxml2 v2.9.14, which is affected by CVE-2022-40304 (data corruption / double-free from an entity reference cycle when entity content is allocated from a dict) and CVE-2022-40303 (integer overflows when parsing with XML_PARSE_HUGE). Nokogiri 1.13.9 upgrades the packaged libxml2 to v2.10.3 to address these issues. Processing crafted XML input may lead to denial of service or memory corruption. (The advisory also references CVE-2022-2309, a NULL pointer dereference via iterwalk/canonicalize, which maintainers determined does not affect Nokogiri users.)

    Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), NVD (NIST), cvelistv5, ENISA EUVD

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    sparklemotionnokogiri
    • < 1.13.9
    • 1.13.9
    nokogirinokogiri
    • < 1.13.9
    • 1.13.9
    rubygemsnokogiri
    • 1.9.0.rc1
    • 1.6.7.1
    • 1.10.2
    • 1.5.5.rc2
    • 1.7.0.1
    • 1.5.0.beta.3
    • 1.11.0.rc4
    • 1.5.5.rc1
    • 1.2.1
    • 1.0.6
    • 1.3.2
    • 1.5.3.rc3
    • 1.6.8.rc3
    • 1.12.3
    • 1.5.7
    • 1.5.0.beta.1
    • 1.13.6
    • 1.6.2.rc1
    • 1.5.4
    • 1.10.7
    • 1.5.4.rc1
    • 1.10.0.rc1
    • 1.6.5
    • 1.10.1
    • 1.13.7
    • 1.5.6.rc2
    • 1.5.4.rc2
    • 1.6.0.rc1
    • 1.6.8.1
    • 1.5.7.rc1
    • 1.6.2.1
    • 1.6.3.rc2
    • 1.5.3.rc5
    • 1.5.5
    • 1.10.0
    • 1.8.4
    • 1.13.2
    • 1.6.8.rc2
    • 1.13.0
    • 1.8.1
    • 1.1.1
    • 1.2.0
    • 1.4.7
    • 1.4.6
    • 1.1.0
    • 1.5.0.beta.4
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    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-476NULL Pointer Dereference

      Base

      The product dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid but is NULL.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-476

    References & sources

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. RejectedVulnCheck

    2. Record modifiedVulnCheck

      No longer listed as affected:

      CVSS V4.0: before VulnCheck: AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N, after —

      CVSS V3.1: before VulnCheck: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, after —

      CVSS V3.1: before nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H, after —

      Description added or changed

      Show 25 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Descriptionchanged
      Nokogiri before 1.13.9 (CRuby implementation using packaged libraries) bundles libxml2 v2.9.14, which is affected by CVE-2022-40304 (data corruption / double-free from an entity reference cycle when entity content is allocated from a dict) and CVE-2022-40303 (integer overflows when parsing with XML_PARSE_HUGE). Nokogiri 1.13.9 upgrades the packaged libxml2 to v2.10.3 to address these issues. Processing crafted XML input may lead to denial of service or memory corruption. (The advisory also references CVE-2022-2309, a NULL pointer dereference via iterwalk/canonicalize, which maintainers determined does not affect Nokogiri users.)
      Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.
      CVSSremoved
      VulnCheck: AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
      —
      CVSSremoved
      VulnCheck: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
      —
      CVSSremoved
      nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H
      —
      Weakness type (CWE)removed
      VulnCheck: CWE-476
      —
      Weakness type (CWE)removed
      nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: CWE-787
      —
      Product configurationremoved
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:nokogiri:nokogiri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.13.9
      —
      Product configurationremoved
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:nokogiri:nokogiri:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.13.9
      —
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      Affected value removed. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2022/50xxx/CVE-2022-50998.json">CVE-2022-50998</a>
      Referenceremoved
      VulnCheck: https://github.com/GNOME/libxml2/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2
      —
      Referenceremoved
      VulnCheck: https://github.com/GNOME/libxml2/commit/c846986356fc149915a74972bf198abc266bc2c0
      —
      Referenceremoved
      VulnCheck: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-2qc6-mcvw-92cw
      —
      Referenceremoved
      VulnCheck: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-multiple-vulnerabilities-via-libxml2-2
      —
      Referenceremoved
      nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2
      —
      Referenceremoved
      nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/c846986356fc149915a74972bf198abc266bc2c0
      —
      Referenceremoved
      nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-2qc6-mcvw-92cw
      —
      Referenceremoved
      nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-multiple-vulnerabilities-via-libxml2-2
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      VulnCheck: https://github.com/GNOME/libxml2/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2 Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      VulnCheck: https://github.com/GNOME/libxml2/commit/c846986356fc149915a74972bf198abc266bc2c0 Types: Patch
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      VulnCheck: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-2qc6-mcvw-92cw Types: Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      VulnCheck: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-multiple-vulnerabilities-via-libxml2-2 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2 Types: Broken Link
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/c846986356fc149915a74972bf198abc266bc2c0 Types: Broken Link
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-2qc6-mcvw-92cw Types: Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-multiple-vulnerabilities-via-libxml2-2 Types: Broken Link
      —

      Source identifier: disclosure@vulncheck.com

    3. Initial analysis by NVDNVD

      Newly listed as affected:
      Show 5 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Product configurationadded
      —
      OR *cpe:2.3:a:nokogiri:nokogiri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.13.9
      Reference typeadded
      —
      VulnCheck: https://github.com/GNOME/libxml2/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2 Types: Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      VulnCheck: https://github.com/GNOME/libxml2/commit/c846986356fc149915a74972bf198abc266bc2c0 Types: Patch
      Reference typeadded
      —
      VulnCheck: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-2qc6-mcvw-92cw Types: Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
      Reference typeadded
      —
      VulnCheck: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-multiple-vulnerabilities-via-libxml2-2 Types: Third Party Advisory

      Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

    4. Record modifiedVulnCheck

      Show 4 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/GNOME/libxml2/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/GNOME/libxml2/commit/c846986356fc149915a74972bf198abc266bc2c0
      Referenceremoved
      https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2
      —
      Referenceremoved
      https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/c846986356fc149915a74972bf198abc266bc2c0
      —

      Source identifier: disclosure@vulncheck.com

    5. ReceivedVulnCheck

      CVSS V4.0: AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

      CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

      Weakness type: CWE-476

      Description added or changed

      Show 9 original changes
      Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
      TypeActionBeforeAfter
      Affected versions (publisher)added
      —
      nokogiri
      Descriptionadded
      —
      Nokogiri before 1.13.9 (CRuby implementation using packaged libraries) bundles libxml2 v2.9.14, which is affected by CVE-2022-40304 (data corruption / double-free from an entity reference cycle when entity content is allocated from a dict) and CVE-2022-40303 (integer overflows when parsing with XML_PARSE_HUGE). Nokogiri 1.13.9 upgrades the packaged libxml2 to v2.10.3 to address these issues. Processing crafted XML input may lead to denial of service or memory corruption. (The advisory also references CVE-2022-2309, a NULL pointer dereference via iterwalk/canonicalize, which maintainers determined does not affect Nokogiri users.)
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
      CVSSadded
      —
      AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
      Weakness type (CWE)added
      —
      CWE-476
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/c846986356fc149915a74972bf198abc266bc2c0
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-2qc6-mcvw-92cw
      Referenceadded
      —
      https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-multiple-vulnerabilities-via-libxml2-2

      Source identifier: disclosure@vulncheck.com

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    Badge preview for CVE-2022-50998
    <a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2022-50998"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2022-50998.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2022-50998 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>