CriticalCVE-2018-14667

    Red Hat JBoss RichFaces Framework Expression Language Injection Vulnerability (CVE-2018-14667)

    Published In CISA KEV since Sources: CVE.org, OSV

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    What is affected, what to do

    This vulnerability allows for Remote Code Execution (RCE) through Expression Language (EL) Injection in JBoss RichFaces Framework versions 3.X to 3.3.4. An unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary code by exploiting the UserResource resource using a chain of Java serialized objects. The vulnerability is actively exploited in the wild, as evidenced by its inclusion in the CISA KEV list. All applications using the affected versions of the RichFaces Framework are at risk. An immediate update to the latest version is urgently required to mitigate this vulnerability.

    The vulnerability is being actively exploited; treat it as a priority. The available sources name no fixed version. Check the vendor guidance in the references below. Immediate actions, mitigation and detection rules are in the runbook below.

    Affected
    • RichFaces eq affected 3.X through 3.3.4..affected 3.X through 3.3.4

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    9.8

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    9.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity Critical on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: CVE.org, OSV

    74.2 %

    EPSS score

    High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 99.49

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Critical
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    228.19 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    actively exploited
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    9.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    9.8
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

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    74.2 %
    High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    99.49
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    Actively exploited
    Published
    In CISA KEV since

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: active · automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 7 February 2025
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-94

    Response and mitigation

    Why act now?

    Prioritisation rationale

    The flaw yields unauthenticated remote code execution against a widespread enterprise Java component and sits on CISA KEV because it is actively used in both opportunistic scanning and targeted campaigns against legacy JBoss estates — its exploitation likelihood ranks among the very highest in the catalogue. Typical targets are ageing line-of-business applications (government portals, insurance and banking back offices, healthcare portals) still running on JBoss EAP 4/5 with RichFaces 3.x, often still internet-reachable. Patch-queue priority: CRITICAL where the application is internet-facing; HIGH even for purely internal exposure, because RichFaces 3.x is EOL and will remain a permanent pivot point for lateral movement. With no vendor patch available, the only sustainable fix is replacement or full isolation of the component — compensating controls buy time, they do not solve the problem.

    1. Runbook step 1

      Immediate response (0-24 h)

      • Inventory all JBoss/JavaEE deployments for richfaces-core-impl-*.jar or richfaces-impl-*.jar version 3.x through 3.3.4 (find / -name "richfaces-*.jar" -exec unzip -p {} META-INF/MANIFEST.MF \; | grep -i version). RichFaces 3.x is end-of-life — NO vendor patch exists for the 3.x branch. JBoss EAP 4/5 bundling RichFaces 3.x is also out of support.
      • Launch a migration plan: upgrade to RichFaces 4.5.17.Final (last 4.x, itself EOL) or replace with PrimeFaces/OmniFaces. Until completed, treat the application as compromisable.
      • Shrink the attack surface immediately: block /*/UserResource/*, the full javax.faces.resource path and a4j/g/ at the reverse proxy (nginx, Apache, F5), especially requests carrying do= or base64/serialised parameters.
      • Emergency isolation of affected JBoss instances: review internet exposure and, where business-tolerable, restrict to internal/VPN access until decommissioning or migration completes.
      • Run a compromise assessment: review the last 180 days of access logs for UserResource requests with unusually large query strings and correlate with subsequent shell or webshell activity.
    2. Runbook step 2

      Mitigation layers

      • Network perimeter: deploy a WAF rule that blocks URIs matching UserResource and request parameters containing serialised Java objects (magic bytes rO0AB in base64 or \xAC\xED\x00\x05 raw). Also filter EL-style payloads (${, #{, Runtime.getRuntime, ProcessBuilder).
      • Reverse-proxy allowlisting: expose only the JSF URL paths the application genuinely needs; drop /rfRes/, /a4j/, /faces/javax.faces.resource/ externally if not required.
      • JVM hardening: enable a Java SecurityManager with a restrictive java.policy that denies java.lang.Runtime.exec and java.lang.ProcessBuilder to the JBoss service user. The jboss account must never spawn shells.
      • Egress filtering: constrain outbound traffic from the JBoss host to known backends; block LDAP/RMI/HTTP(S) to untrusted destinations to neutralise RMI/LDAP deserialisation gadget chains.
      • Deserialisation hardening: where feasible set -Djdk.serialFilter to reject RichFaces/Ajax4jsf classes, in particular org.ajax4jsf.resource.UserResource$UriData.
      • OS hardening: mount /tmp, /var/tmp, /dev/shm with noexec (classic drop zones for second-stage payloads) and run AppArmor/SELinux profiles for the JBoss process in enforcing mode.
    3. Runbook step 3

      Detection rules

      • Web-server access logs: hunt HTTP requests whose URI contains UserResource together with a do= parameter and a base64 blob longer than 200 characters. KQL shape: index=web uri_path="*UserResource*" | where len(uri_query) > 200 and uri_query like "%rO0AB%".
      • Sysmon/EDR: alert on process ancestry where java.exe/java spawns unexpected children (cmd.exe, powershell.exe, /bin/sh, bash, curl, wget, nc). Sigma shape: parent_image endswith '\java.exe' and image in ('cmd.exe','powershell.exe','bitsadmin.exe').
      • Linux auditd: execve events whose ppid is the JBoss process and exe matches {/bin/sh,/bin/bash,/usr/bin/curl,/usr/bin/wget,/usr/bin/python*}. Rule: -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -F auid!=jboss -k jboss_child_exec.
      • Network telemetry (Zeek/Suricata): alert on outbound connections from the JBoss host to RMI/LDAP ports (1099, 1098, 389, 636, 8083) or HTTP requests with User-Agent Java/1.* to external IPs — hallmarks of marshalsec/ysoserial JNDI callbacks.
      • File-system monitoring: flag new .jsp/.jspx/.war files in deployment directories ($JBOSS_HOME/server/*/deploy, tmp/vfs-nested.tmp/) outside of change windows — classic webshell drops.

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    Actively exploited: treat the vulnerability as a priority in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2. If it is exploited in your environment, check the reporting obligation under Art. 23 (early warning within 24 hours).
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    Since 11.09.2026, manufacturers of affected products with digital elements must report actively exploited vulnerabilities under Art. 14 CRA, with an early warning within 24 hours via ENISA's single reporting platform.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    The RichFaces Framework 3.X through 3.3.4 is vulnerable to Expression Language (EL) injection via the UserResource resource. A remote, unauthenticated attacker could exploit this to execute arbitrary code using a chain of java serialized objects via org.ajax4jsf.resource.UserResource$UriData.

    Source: NVD (NIST), OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities), cvelistv5, CISA KEV Catalog, CVE.org (MITRE)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    [UNKNOWN]RichFaces
    • affected 3.X through 3.3.4
    • —
    redhatrichfaces
    • 3.1.0 – ≤ 3.3.4
    • —
    mavenorg.richfaces:richfaces-core
    • —
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Affected operating systems

    Affected operating systems
    Linuxredhatenterprise_linux5.0
    Linuxredhatenterprise_linux6.0

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

      Base

      The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-94

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    CISA KEV CatalogCISA Known Exploited Vulnerability (opens in a new tab)cisa.govactively exploited
    Packet StormRichsploit RichFaces Exploitation Toolkit (opens in a new tab)packetstormsecurity.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified—
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)CVE-2018-14667_Lab_POC (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified

    References & sources

    • NVD (NIST)vuln/detail/CVE-2018-14667advisory
    • github.comrichfaces/richfaces/commit/1372eb716c1a215a5af124198f21bde33faf…web
    • access.redhat.comRHSA-2018:3517web, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT, Vendor advisory
    • access.redhat.comRHSA-2018:3518web, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT, Vendor advisory
    • access.redhat.comRHSA-2018:3519web, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT, Vendor advisory
    • access.redhat.comRHSA-2018:3581web, Vendor advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT, Vendor advisory
    • bugzilla.redhat.comshow_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2018-14667web, x_refsource_CONFIRM, Issue tracking, Vendor advisory
    • cisa.govknown-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2018-14667web, government-resource, US government resource
    • packetstormsecurity.comfiles/156663/Richsploit-RichFaces-Exploitation-Toolkit.htmlweb, x_refsource_MISC, Third-party advisory, Vulnerability database
    • seclists.org20200313 RichFaces exploitation toolkitweb, Mailing list, x_refsource_FULLDISC, Mailing list, Third-party advisory
    • securitytracker.com1042037Vulnerability database, x_refsource_SECTRACK, Third-party advisory, Vulnerability database
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