CriticalCVE-2025-61882

    Oracle E-Business Suite Unspecified Vulnerability (CVE-2025-61882)

    Published Last modified In CISA KEV since Sources: SingCERT, pwn.watch, CVE.org

    What is affected, what to do

    Vulnerability in the Oracle Concurrent Processing product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: BI Publisher Integration). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.14.

    The vulnerability is being actively exploited; treat it as a priority. CISA lists it as used in ransomware campaigns. The available sources name no fixed version. Check the vendor guidance in the references below. Immediate actions, mitigation and detection rules are in the runbook below.

    Affected
    • Oracle Concurrent Processing lte 12.2.3..12.2.14

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    9.8

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    9.8

    CVSS v3

    Severity Critical on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: SingCERT, pwn.watch, CVE.org

    99.73 %

    EPSS score

    High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 99.95

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Critical
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    265.20 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    actively exploitedSource: VulnCheck KEV (opens in a new tab), CERT.at, CSA/SingCERT How we classify
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    9.8 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    9.8
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

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    99.73 %
    High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

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    99.95
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    Actively exploited
    Published
    In CISA KEV since

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: active · automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 6 October 2025
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-287

    Response and mitigation

    Why act now?

    Prioritisation rationale

    This flaw is exploitable over HTTP with no authentication and no user interaction, and yields full takeover of Concurrent Processing — meaning code execution on the application tier with access to core ERP data. Its exploitation likelihood is among the highest of any CVE, and CISA flags known use in ransomware/extortion campaigns, typically involving theft of finance and HR data followed by extortion. Organisations running internet-facing EBS (supplier portals, iSupplier, self-service modules) are the prime targets. Treat every externally reachable instance as critical, requiring an emergency change plus a compromise assessment; internal-only instances still warrant high priority with patching within days.

    1. Runbook step 1

      Immediate response (0-24 h)

      • Cut exposure now: Determine whether any Oracle E-Business Suite instance (12.2.3 through 12.2.14) is reachable from the internet. If so, restrict HTTP(S) access to the Oracle HTTP Server/web tier to VPN, allowlisted ranges or an authenticating reverse proxy until patching is complete.
      • Apply the vendor fix: Install the Oracle Security Alert for CVE-2025-61882. The patch is available from Oracle; look up the exact version and prerequisites (e.g. required Critical Patch Update baseline) in the vendor advisory. Verify the prerequisite level first so the install doesn't fail mid-window.
      • Preserve evidence before patching: Collect Oracle HTTP Server access logs, WebLogic/oacore and Concurrent Manager logs, and network flow data for the application tier. Patching does not remove persistence an attacker may already have planted.
      • Hunt for malicious templates: Query the BI Publisher tables (XDO_TEMPLATES_B, XDO_LOBS) for recently created or unfamiliar templates, particularly those containing embedded XSL/Java calls. Quarantine and preserve hits as evidence rather than simply deleting them.
      • If compromise is suspected: Isolate the application tier, rotate credentials for database accounts (APPS, APPLSYS, SYSADMIN), WebLogic admin and service accounts, and trigger your IR process including the NIS2 early-warning notification (within 24 h).

    2. Runbook step 2

      Mitigation layers

      • Network segmentation: Place the EBS application tier in a dedicated zone and default-deny outbound internet traffic from it, allowing only explicitly required destinations. This breaks reverse shells and second-stage payload downloads.
      • WAF/reverse-proxy rule: Block or restrict to internal sources unauthenticated requests to endpoints publicly reported as part of the exploit chain, including /OA_HTML/SyncServlet, /OA_HTML/configurator/UiServlet and BI Publisher preview functionality (TemplatePreview). Also drop requests carrying CRLF sequences (%0d%0a) or embedded URLs in parameters.
      • Endpoint hardening: Enable an EDR prevention/alert rule for shell processes (sh, bash, curl, wget, python) spawned by the WebLogic/oacore Java process on the application server.
      • Least privilege: Run the application OS account (e.g. applmgr) without interactive login rights or sudo; review database privileges of application accounts and monitor bulk access to sensitive HR and finance data.
      • Configuration: Disable unused BI Publisher/Configurator modules, or restrict them to authenticated internal users.

    3. Runbook step 3

      Detection rules

      • Web access logs (Oracle HTTP Server): Session-less POST requests to /OA_HTML/SyncServlet or /OA_HTML/configurator/UiServlet, followed by hits on TemplatePreview/RF.jsp. SPL sketch: index=web uri_path IN ("/OA_HTML/SyncServlet","/OA_HTML/configurator/UiServlet") method=POST | stats count by src_ip, uri_path.
      • EDR process ancestry: The EBS Java process spawning a shell. Sigma shape: ParentImage|endswith: '/java' AND Image|endswith: ['/sh','/bash'] AND CommandLine|contains: ['/dev/tcp/','bash -i','curl','wget'].
      • Linux auditd: execve events with the application account's uid and an exe outside the Oracle install path; rule: -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -F uid=<applmgr-uid> -k ebs_exec.
      • Network telemetry (Zeek/Suricata): Outbound connections from the application tier to unknown external IPs — especially long-lived TCP sessions (reverse shell) or large uploads (exfiltration). Zeek: conn.log where id.orig_h is in the EBS subnet, local_resp=F, high orig_bytes.
      • Database auditing: INSERT/UPDATE on XDO_TEMPLATES_B and XDO_LOBS outside approved change windows or from unexpected sessions.

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    Actively exploited: treat the vulnerability as a priority in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2. If it is exploited in your environment, check the reporting obligation under Art. 23 (early warning within 24 hours).
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    Since 11.09.2026, manufacturers of affected products with digital elements must report actively exploited vulnerabilities under Art. 14 CRA, with an early warning within 24 hours via ENISA's single reporting platform.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    Vulnerability in the Oracle Concurrent Processing product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: BI Publisher Integration). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.14. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Concurrent Processing. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Concurrent Processing. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

    Source: CSA/SingCERT, pwn.watch, NVD (NIST), CISA KEV Catalog, cvelistv5, CVE.org (MITRE)

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    Oracle CorporationOracle Concurrent Processing
    • 12.2.3 – ≤ 12.2.14
    • —
    oracleconcurrent_processing
    • 12.2.3 – ≤ 12.2.14
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-287Improper Authentication

      Class

      When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-287

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    CISA KEV CatalogCISA Known Exploited Vulnerability (opens in a new tab)cisa.govactively exploited
    CSA/SingCERTActive Exploitation of Zero-Day Vulnerability in Oracle E-Business Suite (opens in a new tab)CSA/SingCERTactively exploited
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)cve-2025-61882-oracle_ebs_rce_reproduction (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified

    References & sources

    • oracle.comOracle AdvisoryVendor advisory, pwn-watch
    • blogs.oracle.comsecurity/post/apply-july-2025-cpuVendor advisory
    • crowdstrike.comCrowdStrike Identifies Campaign Targeting Oracle E-Business Suite via Zero-DayThird-party advisory, pwn-watch
    • cisa.govknown-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-61882government-resource
    • cert.atCERT.at: Schwerwiegende Sicherheitslücke in Oracle E-Business Suite - aktiv ausgenutzt - Updates verfügbarcert-at
    • pwn.watchpwn.watch: Cl0p extortion campaign via Oracle E-Business Suite zero-day (CVE-2025-61882)pwn-watch
    • cloud.google.comOracle E-Business Suite Zero-Day Exploited in Widespread Extortion Campaignpwn-watch
    • bleepingcomputer.comClop extortion emails claim theft of Oracle E-Business Suite datapwn-watch
    • NVD (NIST)NVD: CVE-2025-61882pwn-watch
    • cisa.govCISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalogpwn-watch

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    One NVD translation into another language is hidden.

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