CriticalCVE-2024-3094

    Xz: malicious code in distributed source (CVE-2024-3094)

    Published Last modified Sources: Debian, CVE.org, SingCERT, pwn.watch

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    What is affected, what to do

    Malicious code was discovered in the upstream tarballs of xz, starting with version 5.6.0. Through a series of complex obfuscations, the liblzma build process extracts a prebuilt object file from a disguised test file existing in the source code, which is then used to modify specific functions in the liblzma code.

    An exploit is publicly available. The available sources name no fixed version. Check the vendor guidance in the references below.

    Affected
    • Xz eq 5.6.0..5.6.0
    • Xz eq 5.6.1..5.6.1

    Not sure whether and how you are affected? Ask a question about this vulnerability

    Metrics

    10.0

    Priority

    XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

    Source: NVD, CVSS v3

    10.0

    CVSS v3

    Severity Critical on the scale from 0 to 10.

    Source: Debian, CVE.org, SingCERT, pwn.watch

    90.9 %

    EPSS score

    High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.

    Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 99.81

    Show all metrics
    Severity
    Critical
    Priority (0–325)

    The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first?

    Read in glossary
    134.46 Methodology
    Exploit maturity

    An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack.

    Read in glossary
    PoC (publicly reported)
    XIEM Effective CVSS

    XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command.

    Read in glossary
    10.0 Methodology
    CVSS v3

    CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions.

    Read in glossary
    10.0
    EPSS score

    The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“.

    Read in glossary
    90.9 %
    High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.
    EPSS percentile

    The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking.

    Read in glossary
    99.81
    Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
    KEV status

    The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching.

    Read in glossary
    —
    Published
    CISA assessment (SSVC)
    Exploitation: none known · automatable · Technical impact: total
    Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 2 April 2024
    CWE

    CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect.

    Read in glossary
    CWE-506

    Detection rules

    No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

    Classification under NIS2 and CRA

    Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

    NIS2

    NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management.

    Read in glossary
    High technical severity: assess and remediate the vulnerability in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2 and document the decision.
    CRA

    The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates.

    Read in glossary
    From 11.12.2027, Annex I Part II CRA requires manufacturers of affected products with digital elements to handle vulnerabilities without delay and provide security updates.
    ISO/IEC 27001

    ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security.

    Read in glossary
    Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

    Description

    Malicious code was discovered in the upstream tarballs of xz, starting with version 5.6.0. Through a series of complex obfuscations, the liblzma build process extracts a prebuilt object file from a disguised test file existing in the source code, which is then used to modify specific functions in the liblzma code. This results in a modified liblzma library that can be used by any software linked against this library, intercepting and modifying the data interaction with this library.

    Source: Debian Security Advisories, cvelistv5, NVD (NIST), CSA/SingCERT, pwn.watch

    Affected products

    The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

    Affected products
    Affected versionsFixed in
    —xz
    • 5.6.0
    • 5.6.1
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 10
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 6
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 7
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 8
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat Enterprise Linux 9
    • —
    • —
    Red HatRed Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8
    • —
    • —
    tukaanixz
    • 5.6.1
    • 5.6.0
    • —
    • —

    Vendors and products

    Weakness classes (CWE)

    • CWE-506Embedded Malicious Code

      Class

      The product contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.

      Entry at MITRE CWE-506

    Public exploit references

    Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

    Public exploit references
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)xz-utils-backdoor-case-study (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)cs50-cybersecurity-final-project (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)cs50-cybersecurity-final-project (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)Report-XZ-Utils-CVE-2024-3094 (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)xz (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)Semantic-Backdoor-Detector (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)xz-backdoor-research (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified
    PoC-in-GitHub (nomi-sec)lab_xz_backdoor (opens in a new tab)github.comPoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified

    References & sources

    • access.redhat.comsecurity/cve/CVE-2024-3094Vulnerability database, x_refsource_REDHAT, Vendor advisory
    • bugzilla.redhat.comRHBZ#2272210Issue tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT, Issue tracking, Vendor advisory
    • openwall.combackdoor in upstream xz/liblzma leading to ssh server compromiseMailing list, pwn-watch
    • redhat.comUrgent security alert for Fedora 41 and Rawhide usersVendor advisory, pwn-watch
    • binarly.ioblog/persistent-risk-xz-utils-backdoor-still-lurking-in-docker-…
    • ariadne.space2024/04/02/the-xz-utils-backdoor-is-a-symptom-of-a-larger-probl…x_transferred
    • arstechnica.comsecurity/2024/03/backdoor-found-in-widely-used-linux-utility-br…x_transferred, Third-party advisory
    • aws.amazon.comsecurity/security-bulletins/AWS-2024-002x_transferred, Third-party advisory
    • blog.netbsd.orgtnf/entry/statement_on_backdoor_in_xzx_transferred
    • boehs.orgnode/everything-i-know-about-the-xz-backdoorx_transferred, Third-party advisory
    • bugs.debian.orgcgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1068024x_transferred, Mailing list, Vendor advisory
    • bugs.gentoo.org928134x_transferred, Issue tracking, Third-party advisory
    • bugzilla.suse.comshow_bug.cgi?id=1222124x_transferred, Issue tracking, Third-party advisory
    • discourse.nixos.orgt/cve-2024-3094-malicious-code-in-xz-5-6-0-and-5-6-1-tarballs/4…x_transferred, Third-party advisory
    • gist.github.comthesamesam/223949d5a074ebc3dce9ee78baad9e27x_transferred, Third-party advisory
    • GitHub Security Advisoriesadvisories/GHSA-rxwq-x6h5-x525x_transferred, Third-party advisory
    • github.comamlweems/xzbotx_transferred
    • github.comkarcherm/xz-malwarex_transferred, Third-party advisory
    • gynvael.coldwind.pl?lang=en&id=782x_transferred, Technical description, Third-party advisory
    • lists.debian.orgdebian-security-announce/2024/msg00057.htmlx_transferred, Mailing list, Third-party advisory

    Changes to this CVE

    Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

    1. Record modifiedRed Hat

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      Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2024/3xxx/CVE-2024-3094.json">CVE-2024-3094</a>
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      https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-3094
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      https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2272210
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      https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/29/4
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      https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/urgent-security-alert-fedora-41-and-rawhide-users
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      https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-3094 Types: Vendor Advisory
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      https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2272210 Types: Issue Tracking, Vendor Advisory
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      https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/29/4 Types: Mailing List
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      https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/urgent-security-alert-fedora-41-and-rawhide-users Types: Vendor Advisory
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      Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

    2. Record modifiedCVE Program

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      http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/16/5
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      https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-3094
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      https://ariadne.space/2024/04/02/the-xz-utils-backdoor-is-a-symptom-of-a-larger-problem/
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      https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/03/backdoor-found-in-widely-used-linux-utility-breaks-encrypted-ssh-connections/
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      https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/AWS-2024-002/
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      https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/statement_on_backdoor_in_xz
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      https://boehs.org/node/everything-i-know-about-the-xz-backdoor
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      https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1068024
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      https://bugs.gentoo.org/928134
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      https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2272210
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      https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1222124
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      https://discourse.nixos.org/t/cve-2024-3094-malicious-code-in-xz-5-6-0-and-5-6-1-tarballs/42405
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      https://gist.github.com/thesamesam/223949d5a074ebc3dce9ee78baad9e27
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      https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rxwq-x6h5-x525
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      https://github.com/amlweems/xzbot
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      https://github.com/karcherm/xz-malware
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      https://gynvael.coldwind.pl/?lang=en&id=782
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      https://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce/2024/msg00057.html
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      https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-security/2024-March/000248.html
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      https://lwn.net/Articles/967180/
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      https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39865810
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      https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39877267
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      https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39895344
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      https://openssf.org/blog/2024/03/30/xz-backdoor-cve-2024-3094/
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      https://research.swtch.com/xz-script
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      https://research.swtch.com/xz-timeline
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      https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2024-3094
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      https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2024-3094
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      https://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2024-3094
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240402-0001/
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      https://tukaani.org/xz-backdoor/
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      https://twitter.com/debian/status/1774219194638409898
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      https://twitter.com/infosecb/status/1774595540233167206
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      https://twitter.com/infosecb/status/1774597228864139400
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      https://twitter.com/LetsDefendIO/status/1774804387417751958
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      https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-3094
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      https://www.binarly.io/blog/persistent-risk-xz-utils-backdoor-still-lurking-in-docker-images
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      https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2024/03/29/reported-supply-chain-compromise-affecting-xz-utils-data-compression-library-cve-2024-3094
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      https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/are-you-affected-by-the-backdoor-in-xz-utils
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      https://www.kali.org/blog/about-the-xz-backdoor/
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      https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/29/4
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      https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/urgent-security-alert-fedora-41-and-rawhide-users
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      https://www.tenable.com/blog/frequently-asked-questions-cve-2024-3094-supply-chain-backdoor-in-xz-utils
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      https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/29/malicious_backdoor_xz/
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      https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/vulnerabilities/cve-2024-3094
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      https://xeiaso.net/notes/2024/xz-vuln/
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      https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-3094
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      https://ariadne.space/2024/04/02/the-xz-utils-backdoor-is-a-symptom-of-a-larger-problem/
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      https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/03/backdoor-found-in-widely-used-linux-utility-breaks-encrypted-ssh-connections/
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      https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/AWS-2024-002/
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      https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/statement_on_backdoor_in_xz
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      https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1068024
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      https://bugs.gentoo.org/928134
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      https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2272210
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      https://discourse.nixos.org/t/cve-2024-3094-malicious-code-in-xz-5-6-0-and-5-6-1-tarballs/42405
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      https://gist.github.com/thesamesam/223949d5a074ebc3dce9ee78baad9e27
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      https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rxwq-x6h5-x525
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      https://github.com/amlweems/xzbot
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      https://gynvael.coldwind.pl/?lang=en&id=782
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      https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39865810
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      https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39895344
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      https://openssf.org/blog/2024/03/30/xz-backdoor-cve-2024-3094/
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      https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240402-0001/
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      https://tukaani.org/xz-backdoor/
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      https://twitter.com/debian/status/1774219194638409898
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      https://twitter.com/LetsDefendIO/status/1774804387417751958
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      https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-3094
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      https://www.binarly.io/blog/persistent-risk-xz-utils-backdoor-still-lurking-in-docker-images
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      https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2024/03/29/reported-supply-chain-compromise-affecting-xz-utils-data-compression-library-cve-2024-3094
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      Referenceremoved
      https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/are-you-affected-by-the-backdoor-in-xz-utils
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      https://www.kali.org/blog/about-the-xz-backdoor/
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      https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/urgent-security-alert-fedora-41-and-rawhide-users
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      https://www.tenable.com/blog/frequently-asked-questions-cve-2024-3094-supply-chain-backdoor-in-xz-utils
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      https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/29/malicious_backdoor_xz/
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      https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/vulnerabilities/cve-2024-3094
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      https://xeiaso.net/notes/2024/xz-vuln/
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      https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-3094 Types: Vendor Advisory
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      https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/03/backdoor-found-in-widely-used-linux-utility-breaks-encrypted-ssh-connections/ Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/AWS-2024-002/ Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://boehs.org/node/everything-i-know-about-the-xz-backdoor Types: Third Party Advisory
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      https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1068024 Types: Mailing List, Vendor Advisory
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      https://bugs.gentoo.org/928134 Types: Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory
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      https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2272210 Types: Issue Tracking, Vendor Advisory
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      https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1222124 Types: Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory
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      Reference typeremoved
      https://discourse.nixos.org/t/cve-2024-3094-malicious-code-in-xz-5-6-0-and-5-6-1-tarballs/42405 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://gist.github.com/thesamesam/223949d5a074ebc3dce9ee78baad9e27 Types: Third Party Advisory
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      Reference typeremoved
      https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rxwq-x6h5-x525 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://github.com/karcherm/xz-malware Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://gynvael.coldwind.pl/?lang=en&id=782 Types: Technical Description, Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce/2024/msg00057.html Types: Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
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      Reference typeremoved
      https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-security/2024-March/000248.html Types: Third Party Advisory
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      Reference typeremoved
      https://lwn.net/Articles/967180/ Types: Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory
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      Reference typeremoved
      https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39865810 Types: Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39877267 Types: Issue Tracking
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://openssf.org/blog/2024/03/30/xz-backdoor-cve-2024-3094/ Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2024-3094 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2024-3094 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2024-3094 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://tukaani.org/xz-backdoor/ Types: Issue Tracking, Vendor Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://twitter.com/debian/status/1774219194638409898 Types: Press/Media Coverage
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://twitter.com/infosecb/status/1774595540233167206 Types: Press/Media Coverage
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      Reference typeremoved
      https://twitter.com/infosecb/status/1774597228864139400 Types: Press/Media Coverage
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://twitter.com/LetsDefendIO/status/1774804387417751958 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-3094 Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2024/03/29/reported-supply-chain-compromise-affecting-xz-utils-data-compression-library-cve-2024-3094 Types: Third Party Advisory, US Government Resource
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/are-you-affected-by-the-backdoor-in-xz-utils Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/29/4 Types: Mailing List
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/urgent-security-alert-fedora-41-and-rawhide-users Types: Vendor Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.tenable.com/blog/frequently-asked-questions-cve-2024-3094-supply-chain-backdoor-in-xz-utils Types: Third Party Advisory
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/29/malicious_backdoor_xz/ Types: Press/Media Coverage
      —
      Reference typeremoved
      https://xeiaso.net/notes/2024/xz-vuln/ Types: Third Party Advisory
      —

      Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

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