CriticalCVE-2016-3081

Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability (CVE-2016-3081)

Published 26.04.2016Last modified 09.10.2026In CISA KEV since 08.10.2026Sources: CVE.org, OSV

What is affected, what to do

Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.

The vulnerability is being actively exploited; treat it as a priority. Update Apache Struts to version 2.3.20.3, Apache Struts to version 2.3.24.3, Apache Struts to version 2.3.28.1. Immediate actions, mitigation and detection rules are in the runbook below.

Affected: Huawei Agile Controller-campus Firmware eq v100r002c00..v100r002c00
Huawei AnyOffice eq v200r005c00..v200r005c00
Huawei AnyOffice eq v200r006c00..v200r006c00
Huawei LogCenter eq v100r001c10..v100r001c10
Huawei LogCenter eq v100r001c20..v100r001c20
Huawei FireHunter6000 Firmware eq v100r001c20..v100r001c20
Huawei OceanStor 5300 V3 Firmware eq v300r001..v300r001
Huawei OceanStor 5300 V3 Firmware eq v300r002..v300r002
Huawei OceanStor 5300 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c00..v300r003c00
Huawei OceanStor 5300 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c10..v300r003c10
Huawei OceanStor 5500 V3 Firmware eq v300r001..v300r001
Huawei OceanStor 5500 V3 Firmware eq v300r002..v300r002
Huawei OceanStor 5500 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c00..v300r003c00
Huawei OceanStor 5500 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c10..v300r003c10
Huawei OceanStor 5600 V3 Firmware eq v300r001..v300r001
Huawei OceanStor 5600 V3 Firmware eq v300r002..v300r002
Huawei OceanStor 5600 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c00..v300r003c00
Huawei OceanStor 5600 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c10..v300r003c10
Huawei OceanStor 5800 V3 Firmware eq v300r001..v300r001
Huawei OceanStor 5800 V3 Firmware eq v300r002..v300r002
Huawei OceanStor 5800 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c00..v300r003c00
Huawei OceanStor 5800 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c10..v300r003c10
Huawei OceanStor 6800 V3 Firmware eq v300r001..v300r001
Huawei OceanStor 6800 V3 Firmware eq v300r002..v300r002
Huawei OceanStor 6800 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c00..v300r003c00
Huawei OceanStor 6800 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c10..v300r003c10
Huawei OceanStor 18500 V3 Firmware eq v300r001..v300r001
Huawei OceanStor 18500 V3 Firmware eq v300r002..v300r002
Huawei OceanStor 18500 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c00..v300r003c00
Huawei OceanStor 18500 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c10..v300r003c10
Huawei OceanStor 18500F Firmware eq v300r001..v300r001
Huawei OceanStor 18500F Firmware eq v300r002..v300r002
Huawei OceanStor 18500F Firmware eq v300r003c00..v300r003c00
Huawei OceanStor 18500F Firmware eq v300r003c10..v300r003c10
Huawei OceanStor 18800 V3 Firmware eq v300r001..v300r001
Huawei OceanStor 18800 V3 Firmware eq v300r002..v300r002
Huawei OceanStor 18800 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c00..v300r003c00
Huawei OceanStor 18800 V3 Firmware eq v300r003c10..v300r003c10
Huawei OceanStor 18800F Firmware eq v300r001..v300r001
Huawei OceanStor 18800F Firmware eq v300r002..v300r002
Huawei OceanStor 18800F Firmware eq v300r003c00..v300r003c00
Huawei OceanStor 18800F Firmware eq v300r003c10..v300r003c10
Huawei OceanStor 9000 Firmware eq v100r001c01..v100r001c01
Huawei OceanStor 9000 Firmware eq v100r001c30..v100r001c30
Huawei OceanStor 9000 Firmware eq v300r005c00..v300r005c00
Huawei OceanStor N8500 Firmware eq v200r001c09spc505..v200r001c09spc505
Huawei OceanStor N8500 Firmware eq v200r001c91spc205..v200r001c91spc205
Huawei OceanStor N8500 Firmware eq v200r001c91spc900..v200r001c91spc900
Huawei OceanStor N8500 Firmware eq v200r001c91spc901..v200r001c91spc901
Huawei OceanStor Onebox Firmware eq v100r003c10..v100r003c10
Apache Struts lt 2.3.20..2.3.20.3
Apache Struts lt 2.3.21..2.3.24.3
Apache Struts lt 2.3.25..2.3.28.1
Oracle FLEXCUBE Private Banking eq 2.0.0.0..2.0.0.0
Oracle FLEXCUBE Private Banking eq 2.0.1..2.0.1
Oracle FLEXCUBE Private Banking eq 2.2.0..2.2.0
Oracle FLEXCUBE Private Banking eq 12.0.1..12.0.1
Oracle FLEXCUBE Private Banking eq 12.0.3..12.0.3
Oracle FLEXCUBE Private Banking eq 12.1.0..12.1.0
Oracle Micros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention eq 10.0.1..10.0.1
Oracle Micros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention eq 10.5.0..10.5.0
Oracle Micros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention eq 10.6.0..10.6.0
Oracle Micros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention eq 10.7.0..10.7.0
Oracle Micros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention eq 10.8.0..10.8.0
Oracle Micros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention eq 10.8.1..10.8.1
Oracle Siebel E-Billing eq 7.1..7.1
Fixed in: Apache Struts 2.3.20.3
Apache Struts 2.3.24.3
Apache Struts 2.3.28.1

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Metrics

8.1

Priority

XIEM Effective CVSS: highest available CVSS rating from NVD and vendor data.

Source: NVD, CVSS v3

8.1

CVSS v3

Severity High on the scale from 0 to 10.

Source: CVE.org, OSV

96.5 %

EPSS score

High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.

Source: FIRST EPSS, percentile 99.88

Show all metrics

Severity: Critical
Priority (0–325) The priority score is a consolidated metric that condenses several individual signals into a single, action-guiding ranking: technical severity (CVSS), exploitation likelihood (EPSS), known-exploited status (KEV) and the context of the affected asset. The aim is to answer the only truly important question in vulnerability management: what first? Read in glossary: 220.31 Methodology
Exploit maturity An exploit is code or a technique that specifically uses a concrete vulnerability to force unintended behaviour — such as executing code or escalating privileges. It is the tool that turns a theoretical flaw into a practical attack. Read in glossary: actively exploited
XIEM Effective CVSS XIEM® is the tiered managed-security operating model from NEOSEC and a registered trademark of NEOSEC GmbH. It extends classic SIEM — the central collection, normalisation and correlation of security-relevant events — with endpoint forensics, network visibility and deception technology, and consolidates them into three building tiers: Sentry, Orchestrate and Command. Read in glossary: 8.1 Methodology
CVSS v3 CVSS is the globally established, open standard for assessing the technical severity of a vulnerability on a scale from 0 to 10. It describes how easily a flaw can be exploited and what damage it can cause — but not how likely its actual exploitation is. CVSS and the complementary EPSS deliberately answer different questions. Read in glossary: 8.1
EPSS score The EPSS score is the absolute model output for an individual vulnerability: the estimated probability of real-world exploitation within the next 30 days, expressed as a value between 0 and 1 (i.e. 0 % to 100 %). A score of 0.42 means „the model estimates a 42 % chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days“. Read in glossary: 96.5 %; High — model estimates ≥ 50% chance of real-world exploitation within 30 days.
EPSS percentile The EPSS percentile is the relative position of a vulnerability within all EPSS-scored CVEs, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. A percentile of 0.90 means „this CVE has a higher EPSS score than 90 % of all other scored CVEs“. Unlike the EPSS score, it is not a probability — but a positioning within a ranking. Read in glossary: 99.88; Critical — this CVE ranks in the top fifth of all CVEs scored today (rank ≥ 80%).
KEV status The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching. Read in glossary: Actively exploited
Published: 26.04.2016
In CISA KEV since The KEV catalogue is a list maintained by the US authority CISA of vulnerabilities for which active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. It answers not the question „how severe?“ but „is it already being attacked?“ — thereby sharply prioritising patching. Read in glossary: 08.10.2026
CISA assessment (SSVC): Exploitation: active · not automatable · Technical impact: total; Source: CISA Vulnrichment, as of 8 October 2026
CWE CWE is a catalogue of typical weakness types in software and hardware — such as flawed input validation, unsafe memory handling or poor authentication. Where a CVE names a concrete vulnerability in a concrete product, a CWE describes the underlying class of defect. Read in glossary: CWE-77

Response and mitigation

Why act now?

Prioritisation rationale

This flaw (Apache bulletin S2-032) has been public for years, with weaponised exploits in mainstream frameworks and mass scanners. It is among the CVEs most likely to be exploited, chiefly by automated campaigns dropping webshells, botnet agents and cryptominers. The high attack complexity in the CVSS vector reflects only the precondition that Dynamic Method Invocation must be enabled. Where it is, exploitation is network-reachable without authentication and yields full code execution as the app-server user. CISA does not flag known ransomware use, but a compromised Struts host is a common foothold for lateral movement. Treat internet-facing legacy Java apps and the listed Huawei security and management products as critical, to be fixed or shielded within 24 hours. Internal-only systems with DMI verifiably disabled can follow the regular patch cycle.

01
Runbook step 1
Immediate response (0-24 h)
- Inventory: Hunt for struts2-core-*.jar across all Java web apps, including inside WAR/EAR archives and bundled libraries, e.g. find / -name "struts2-core-*.jar" 2>/dev/null. Vulnerable ranges are 2.3.19–2.3.20.2, 2.3.21–2.3.24.1 and 2.3.25–2.3.28.
- Patch: Upgrade to at least 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3 or 2.3.28.1. The 2.3.x branch is end-of-life, so schedule migration to a currently supported Struts major version.
- Disable Dynamic Method Invocation if you cannot patch now: set <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"/> in struts.xml, or struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation=false in struts.properties. Restart the app and confirm the effective value.
- Huawei products (Agile Controller-Campus V100R002C00, AnyOffice V200R005C00/V200R006C00, FireHunter6000 V100R001C20, LogCenter V100R001C10): patch available from the vendor — look up the fixed version in the vendor advisory. Until then, restrict management interfaces to admin networks only.
- Triage for compromise on every internet-facing Struts host that was unpatched. Retro-hunt access logs for method: and check webroots for newly created .jsp files (see Detection).
- If compromise is suspected, isolate the host and rotate every secret stored on the app server: DB credentials, service accounts, and keys in context.xml or properties files.
02
Runbook step 2
Mitigation layers
- WAF/reverse proxy: Deny requests whose parameter name begins with method:, e.g. ModSecurity SecRule ARGS_NAMES "@beginsWith method:" "id:1003081,phase:2,deny,log". Also block OGNL markers in query and body: #_memberAccess, @ognl.OgnlContext@DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS, @java.lang.Runtime@getRuntime, ProcessBuilder.
- IPS: Enable the vendor-supplied Apache Struts S2-032/OGNL-injection signatures in Suricata/Snort, including the ET WEB_SPECIFIC_APPS categories, and run them in blocking mode.
- Segmentation/egress: App servers should have no direct internet egress. Allow-list only DB, proxy and update repositories. This breaks payload staging, reverse shells and miner pool connections.
- Endpoint hardening: Run the JVM under a dedicated unprivileged account, and make the webroot read-only or tightly permissioned. Configure an EDR rule to block or alert on child processes of java/tomcat such as shells, curl, wget and powershell.
- Application config: Besides disabling DMI, enforce struts.devMode=false. Use Strict Method Invocation/struts.allowed.action.names so only explicitly permitted methods are callable.
03
Runbook step 3
Detection rules
- Web/proxy logs: Look for query strings containing method: together with OGNL indicators. SPL: index=web (uri_query="*method:*" OR form_data="*method:*") (uri_query="*_memberAccess*" OR uri_query="*getRuntime*" OR uri_query="*DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS*"). Cover URL-encoded forms such as %23_memberAccess.
- Process ancestry (Sysmon EID 1 / EDR): Alert when a Java app server spawns a shell. KQL: DeviceProcessEvents | where InitiatingProcessFileName in~ ("java.exe","tomcat9.exe","javaw.exe") and FileName in~ ("cmd.exe","powershell.exe","certutil.exe","bitsadmin.exe").
- Linux auditd: Watch for execve events whose parent is a java process and whose exe is /bin/sh, /bin/bash, /usr/bin/curl or /usr/bin/wget. Sigma shape: ParentImage|endswith: '/java' AND Image|endswith: ['/sh','/bash','/curl','/wget'].
- File system (Sysmon EID 11 / auditd watch on webroot): New .jsp, .jspx or .war files written by the Java process under webapps/ are a classic webshell drop.
- Network (Zeek/Suricata): Flag app servers making outbound connections to unfamiliar external IPs. Pay particular attention to HTTP downloads of ELF binaries or scripts, and to Stratum/mining-pool traffic, shortly after suspicious method: requests.

Detection rules

No NEOSEC detection rule is available for this vulnerability yet.

Classification under NIS2 and CRA

Rule-based classification from exploitation status and severity. It does not replace a case-by-case assessment.

NIS2 NIS2 is EU Directive (EU) 2022/2555 to raise the level of cybersecurity across the Union. It substantially broadens obligations compared with the first NIS directive: more sectors, mandatory risk management, staged reporting duties and personal accountability of senior management. Read in glossary: Actively exploited: treat the vulnerability as a priority in vulnerability handling under Art. 21(2)(e) NIS2. If it is exploited in your environment, check the reporting obligation under Art. 23 (early warning within 24 hours).
CRA The CRA is EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 setting horizontal cybersecurity requirements for „products with digital elements“ — from industrial controllers and software to connected consumer devices. For the first time manufacturers must ensure security across the entire product lifecycle, handle vulnerabilities and provide security updates. Read in glossary: Since 11.09.2026, manufacturers of affected products with digital elements must report actively exploited vulnerabilities under Art. 14 CRA, with an early warning within 24 hours via ENISA's single reporting platform.
ISO/IEC 27001 ISO/IEC 27001 is the internationally leading standard for an information security management system (ISMS). It describes a risk-based, process-oriented framework to systematically plan, implement, review and improve information security. Read in glossary: Control A.8.8, management of technical vulnerabilities: assess relevance to your systems, plan remediation and keep evidence.

Description

Source: NVD (NIST), cvelistv5, CISA KEV Catalog, OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affected products

The following versions are affected. Older releases of the same product line are also vulnerable unless stated otherwise.

Affected products
		Affected versions	Fixed in
apache	struts	`2.3.25 – < 2.3.28.1` `2.3.21 – < 2.3.24.3` `2.3.20 – < 2.3.20.3`	`2.3.28.1` `2.3.24.3` `2.3.20.3`
huawei	anyoffice	`v200r006c00` `v200r005c00`	— —
huawei	logcenter	`v100r001c20` `v100r001c10`	— —
oracle	flexcube_private_banking	`2.2.0` `12.0.1` `2.0.1` `2.0.0.0` `12.0.3` `12.1.0`	— — — — — —
oracle	micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention	`10.5.0` `10.7.0` `10.0.1` `10.8.0` `10.8.1` `10.6.0`	— — — — — —
oracle	siebel_e-billing	`7.1`	—

Vendors and products

Affected operating systems

Affected operating systems

Other	huawei	agile_controller-campus_firmware	`v100r002c00`
Other	huawei	firehunter6000_firmware	`v100r001c20`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware	`v300r001`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware	`v300r002`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware	`v300r003c00`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware	`v300r003c10`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18500f_firmware	`v300r001`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18500f_firmware	`v300r002`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18500f_firmware	`v300r003c00`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18500f_firmware	`v300r003c10`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware	`v300r001`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware	`v300r002`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware	`v300r003c00`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware	`v300r003c10`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18800f_firmware	`v300r001`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18800f_firmware	`v300r002`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18800f_firmware	`v300r003c00`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_18800f_firmware	`v300r003c10`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware	`v300r001`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware	`v300r002`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware	`v300r003c00`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware	`v300r003c10`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_5500_v3_firmware	`v300r001`
Other	huawei	oceanstor_5500_v3_firmware	`v300r002`

Weakness classes (CWE)

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Class
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
Entry at MITRE CWE-77

Public exploit references

Publicly reported proof-of-concepts, exploit modules and detection templates for this vulnerability. NEOSEC links to the original sources only and does not provide any exploit code.

Public exploit references

CISA KEV Catalog	CISA Known Exploited Vulnerability (opens in a new tab)cisa.gov	actively exploited	08.10.2026
Metasploit Framework	Metasploit: exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec (opens in a new tab)rapid7.com	weaponized (Metasploit module)reported, not verified	—
Metasploit Framework	Metasploit: exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec (opens in a new tab)rapid7.com	weaponized (Metasploit module)reported, not verified	—
Packet Storm	Apache Struts 2.3.28 Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution (opens in a new tab)packetstormsecurity.com	PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified	—
Exploit-DB	EDB-ID 39756 (opens in a new tab)exploit-db.com	PoC (publicly reported)reported, not verified	—

References & sources

NVD (NIST)vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3081advisory
github.comapache/strutspackage
struts.apache.orgdocs/s2-032.htmlweb, x_refsource_CONFIRM
web.archive.orgweb/20210123152457/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787web
web.archive.orgweb/20210225192113/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327web
web.archive.orgweb/20210226011418/http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665web
exploit-db.comexploits/39756web
packetstormsecurity.comfiles/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Rem…web, x_refsource_MISC
huawei.comen/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-enweb, x_refsource_CONFIRM
oracle.comtechnetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.htmlweb, x_refsource_CONFIRM
oracle.comtechnetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.htmlweb, x_refsource_CONFIRM
rapid7.comdb/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_execweb, x_refsource_MISC
rapid7.comdb/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_execweb, x_refsource_MISC
securitytracker.com1035665Vulnerability database, x_refsource_SECTRACK
exploit-db.com39756Exploit, x_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB
securityfocus.com91787Vulnerability database, x_refsource_BID
securityfocus.com87327Vulnerability database, x_refsource_BID
cisa.govknown-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-3081government-resource

Changes to this CVE

Who changed this CVE and when: NVD (analysis, affected products, CVSS), the CVE publisher (CNA) and additional providers such as CISA (ADP).

09.10.2026NVD analysis modifiedNVD

Newly listed as affected:

Huawei Agile Controller-campus Firmware (v100r002c00)
Huawei LogCenter V100R001C10 (v100r001c10, v100r001c20)
Huawei AnyOffice (v200r005c00, v200r006c00)
Huawei FireHunter6000 Firmware (v100r001c20)
Huawei OceanStor 5300 V3 Firmware (v300r001, v300r002, v300r003c00, v300r003c10)
Huawei OceanStor anstor 5500 V3 Firmware (v300r001, v300r002, v300r003c00, v300r003c10)
Huawei OceanStor 5600 V3 Firmware (v300r001, v300r002, v300r003c00, v300r003c10)
Huawei OceanStor 5800 V3 Firmware (v300r001, v300r002, v300r003c00, v300r003c10)
Huawei OceanStor 6800 V3 Firmware (v300r001, v300r002, v300r003c00, v300r003c10)
Huawei OceanStor 18500 V3 Firmware (v300r001, v300r002, v300r003c00, v300r003c10)
Huawei OceanStor 18500F Firmware (v300r001, v300r002, v300r003c00, v300r003c10)
Huawei OceanStor 18800 V3 Firmware (v300r001, v300r002, v300r003c00, v300r003c10)

Product mapping changed:

Apache Software Foundation Apache Struts (2.3.20 – before 2.3.20.3; 2.3.21 – before 2.3.24.3; 2.3.25 – before 2.3.28.1)
Oracle FLEXCUBE Private Banking (2.0.0.0, 2.0.1, 2.2.0, 12.0.1, 12.0.3, 12.1.0)
Oracle Siebel E-Billing (7.1)
Oracle Micros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention (10.0.1, 10.5.0, 10.6.0, 10.7.0, 10.8.0, 10.8.1)

CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS V3: before AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, after —

New references:

and 3 more references

Show 32 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
CVSS	added	—	AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS	removed	AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H	—
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:agile_controller-campus_firmware:v100r002c00::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:agile_controller-campus:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	OR cpe:2.3:a:huawei:logcenter:v100r001c10::::::: cpe:2.3:a:huawei:anyoffice:v200r006c00::::::: cpe:2.3:a:huawei:anyoffice:v200r005c00::::::: cpe:2.3:a:huawei:logcenter:v100r001c20:::::::
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:firehunter6000_firmware:v100r001c20::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:firehunter6000:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware:v300r001::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware:v300r002::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware:v300r003c00::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware:v300r003c10::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_5300_v3:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5500_v3_firmware:v300r001::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5500_v3_firmware:v300r002::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5500_v3_firmware:v300r003c00::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5500_v3_firmware:v300r003c10::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_5500_v3:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5600_v3_firmware:v300r003c00::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5600_v3_firmware:v300r001::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5600_v3_firmware:v300r002::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5600_v3_firmware:v300r003c10::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_5600_v3:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5800_v3_firmware:v300r003c00::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5800_v3_firmware:v300r001::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5800_v3_firmware:v300r002::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_5800_v3_firmware:v300r003c10::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_5800_v3:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_6800_v3_firmware:v300r001::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_6800_v3_firmware:v300r002::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_6800_v3_firmware:v300r003c00::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_6800_v3_firmware:v300r003c10::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_6800_v3:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware:v300r001::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware:v300r002::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware:v300r003c00::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware:v300r003c10::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_18500_v3:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18500f_firmware:v300r001::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18500f_firmware:v300r002::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18500f_firmware:v300r003c00::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18500f_firmware:v300r003c10::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_18500f:v3:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware:v300r001::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware:v300r002::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware:v300r003c00::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware:v300r003c10::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_18800_v3:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18800f_firmware:v300r001::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18800f_firmware:v300r002::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18800f_firmware:v300r003c00::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_18800f_firmware:v300r003c10::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_18800f:v3:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_9000_firmware:v100r001c01::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_9000_firmware:v100r001c30::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_9000_firmware:v300r005c00::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_9000:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_n8500_firmware:v200r001c09spc505::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_n8500_firmware:v200r001c91spc205::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_n8500_firmware:v200r001c91spc900::::::: cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_n8500_firmware:v200r001c91spc901::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_n8500:-:::::::*
Product configuration	added	—	AND OR cpe:2.3:o:huawei:oceanstor_onebox_firmware:v100r003c10::::::: OR cpe:2.3:h:huawei:oceanstor_onebox:-:::::::*
Product configuration	changed	OR cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.9::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.12::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.3.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.28::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.0::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.0::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.8::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.7::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.4::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.8.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.3::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16.3::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.4::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.3::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.2::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.5::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15.2::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14.3::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.2::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.8::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.4.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.11.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.8::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.7::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.3::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14.2::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.14::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.11::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16.2::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.6::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.5::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.3::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.12::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.4::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.1.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.11.2::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.13::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1.2::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15.3::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.6::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.10::::::: cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14.1:::::::	OR cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts::::::::* versions from (including) 2.3.20 up to (excluding) 2.3.20.3 cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts::::::::* versions from (including) 2.3.21 up to (excluding) 2.3.24.3 cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts::::::::* versions from (including) 2.3.25 up to (excluding) 2.3.28.1
Product configuration	changed	OR cpe:2.3:a:oracle:siebel_e-billing:7.1:::::::	OR cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_private_banking:12.1.0::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:siebel_e-billing:7.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_private_banking:2.0.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_private_banking:12.0.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_private_banking:12.0.3::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_private_banking:2.2.0::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_private_banking:2.0.0.0::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention:10.5.0::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention:10.6.0::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention:10.8.0::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention:10.8.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention:10.0.1::::::: cpe:2.3:a:oracle:micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention:10.7.0:::::::
Reference type	added	—	Red Hat, Inc.: http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en Types: Third Party Advisory
Reference type	changed	Red Hat, Inc.: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html Types: Vendor Advisory	Red Hat, Inc.: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html Types: Third Party Advisory
Reference type	changed	Red Hat, Inc.: http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec Types: Third Party Advisory	Red Hat, Inc.: http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec Types: Broken Link, Third Party Advisory
Reference type	added	—	Red Hat, Inc.: http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec Types: Third Party Advisory
Reference type	added	—	Red Hat, Inc.: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327 Types: Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Reference type	added	—	CISA-ADP: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-3081 Types: US Government Resource
Reference type	added	—	Red Hat, Inc.: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/ Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Reference type	added	—	CVE: http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en Types: Third Party Advisory
Reference type	changed	CVE: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html Types: Vendor Advisory	CVE: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html Types: Third Party Advisory
Reference type	changed	CVE: http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec Types: Third Party Advisory	CVE: http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec Types: Broken Link, Third Party Advisory
Reference type	added	—	CVE: http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec Types: Third Party Advisory
Reference type	added	—	CVE: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327 Types: Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Reference type	added	—	CVE: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/ Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry

Source identifier: nvd@nist.gov

09.10.2026Record modifiedCISA ADP

CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: active, automatable: no

Show 2 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
SSVC assessment	removed	{"id":"CVE-2016-3081","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"active"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-08T17:40:07.972437Z"}	—
SSVC assessment	added	—	{"id":"CVE-2016-3081","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"active"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-08T00:00:00+00:00"}

Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

08.10.2026CISA KEV entry updated9119a7d8…
4 individual changes: Date Added, Due Date, Required Action, Vulnerability Name
Show 4 original changes
Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type Action Before After
Date Added added
—
2026-10-08
Due Date added
—
2026-10-08
Required Action added
—
2026-10-08
Vulnerability Name added
—
2026-10-08
Source identifier: 9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Date Added	added	—	2026-10-08
Due Date	added	—	2026-10-08
Required Action	added	—	2026-10-08
Vulnerability Name	added	—	2026-10-08

08.10.2026Record modifiedRed Hat

New references:

and 7 more references

Show 29 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html
Reference	added	—	http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en
Reference	added	—	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html
Reference	added	—	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html
Reference	added	—	http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec
Reference	added	—	http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec
Reference	added	—	http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327
Reference	added	—	http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787
Reference	added	—	http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665
Reference	added	—	https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html
Reference	added	—	https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/
Reference	removed	http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html	—
Reference	removed	http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en	—
Reference	removed	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html	—
Reference	removed	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html	—
Reference	removed	http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec	—
Reference	removed	http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec	—
Reference	removed	http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327	—
Reference	removed	http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787	—
Reference	removed	http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665	—
Reference	removed	https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html	—
Reference	removed	https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/	—
Reference type	removed	http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html Types: Patch, Third Party Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html Types: Vendor Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec Types: Third Party Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787 Types: Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665 Types: Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry	—
Reference type	removed	https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html Types: Patch, Vendor Advisory	—

Source identifier: secalert@redhat.com

08.10.2026Record modifiedCISA ADP

CVSS V3.1: AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CISA assessment (SSVC): exploitation: active, automatable: no

Weakness type: CWE-77

New references:

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-3081

Show 4 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
CVSS	added	—	AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness type (CWE)	added	—	CWE-77
Reference	added	—	https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-3081
SSVC assessment	added	—	{"id":"CVE-2016-3081","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"exploitation":"active"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-08T17:40:07.972437Z"}

Source identifier: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Show one older change

08.10.2026Record modifiedCVE Program

New references:

and 7 more references

Show 29 original changes

Individual changes of this event as published by NVD
Type	Action	Before	After
Reference	added	—	http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html
Reference	added	—	http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en
Reference	added	—	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html
Reference	added	—	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html
Reference	added	—	http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec
Reference	added	—	http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec
Reference	added	—	http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327
Reference	added	—	http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787
Reference	added	—	http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665
Reference	added	—	https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html
Reference	added	—	https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/
Reference	removed	http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html	—
Reference	removed	http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en	—
Reference	removed	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html	—
Reference	removed	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html	—
Reference	removed	http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec	—
Reference	removed	http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec	—
Reference	removed	http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327	—
Reference	removed	http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787	—
Reference	removed	http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665	—
Reference	removed	https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html	—
Reference	removed	https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/	—
Reference type	removed	http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html Types: Patch, Third Party Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html Types: Vendor Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec Types: Third Party Advisory	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787 Types: Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry	—
Reference type	removed	http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665 Types: Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry	—
Reference type	removed	https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html Types: Patch, Vendor Advisory	—

Source identifier: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

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<a href="https://intel.neosec.eu/en/cve/CVE-2016-3081"><img src="https://intel.neosec.eu/badge/cve/CVE-2016-3081.svg?lang=en" alt="CVE-2016-3081 – NEOSEC Intel" height="20"></a>

What is affected, what to do

Metrics

Response and mitigation

Prioritisation rationale

Immediate response (0-24 h)

Mitigation layers

Detection rules

Detection rules

Classification under NIS2 and CRA

Description

Affected products

Vendors and products

Affected operating systems

Weakness classes (CWE)

Public exploit references

References & sources

Changes to this CVE